{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:08:55Z","timestamp":1774123735865,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,3]],"date-time":"2006-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,3]],"date-time":"2006-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,10]],"date-time":"2006-05-10T10:24:06Z","timestamp":1147256646000},"page":"515-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Evaluation of the hypothesis that Balkan endemic nephropathy is caused by drinking water exposure to contaminants leaching from Pliocene coal deposits"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Thomas C","family":"Voice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn P","family":"McElmurry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David T","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Plamen","family":"Dimitrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varban S","family":"Ganev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelos A","family":"Peptropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF7500489_CR1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological profile for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA, 1995."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-3356-2_40","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th European Symposium \u2018Organic Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment","author":"MF Alpendurada","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alpendurada M.F. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonds: contribution to the study of water supplies in Oporto District. In: Agneletti G., Bjorseth A. (Eds.). Proceedings of the 6th European Symposium \u2018Organic Micropollutants in the Aquatic Environment. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Lisbon, Portugal, 1991, pp 366\u2013370."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2001.tb02365.x","volume":"39","author":"A Baker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Baker A., and Lamont-Black J. Fluorescence of dissolved organic matter as a natural tracer of ground water. Ground Water 2001: 39: 745\u2013750.","journal-title":"Ground Water"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR4","volume-title":"Analytical Mass Spectrometry: Strategies for Environmental and Related Applications","author":"WL Budde","year":"2001","unstructured":"Budde W.L. Analytical Mass Spectrometry: Strategies for Environmental and Related Applications. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2001."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910190102","volume":"19","author":"IN Chernozemsky","year":"1977","unstructured":"Chernozemsky I.N., Stoyanov I.S., and Petkovabocharova T.K., et al. Geographic correlation between occurrence of endemic nephropathy and urinary-tract tumors in Vratza district, Bulgaria. Int J Cancer 1977: 19: 1\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1021\/es970521v","volume":"32","author":"JU Clarke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Clarke J.U. . Evaluation of censored data methods to allow statistical comparisons among very small samples with below detection limit observations. Environ Sci Technol 1998: 32: 117\u2013183.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR7","volume-title":"Water Quality and Treatment","author":"PD Cohn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cohn P.D., Cox M., and Berger P.S. Health and aesthetic aspects of water quality. In: Letterman R.D. (Ed.). Water Quality and Treatment. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY, 1999."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1994.220","volume":"45","author":"JP Cosyns","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cosyns J.P., Jadoul M., and Squifflet J.P. Chinese herbs nephropathy: a clue to Balkan endemic nephropathy? Kidney Int 1994: 45: 1680\u20131688.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR9","volume-title":"Molecular Structure of Coal","author":"RM Davidson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Davidson R.M. Molecular Structure of Coal. IEA Coal Research, London, 1980."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR10","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Endemic Nephritis in Bulgaria","author":"M Dimitrov","year":"1960","unstructured":"Dimitrov M. . Medizina I. Fizkultura (in Bulgarian). In: Puchlev A. (Ed.). Endemic Nephritis in Bulgaria. Sofia, 1960, pp 201\u2013207."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR11","first-page":"847","volume":"17","author":"PS Dimitrov","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dimitrov P.S., Simeonov V.A., and Stein A.D. Balkan endemic nephropathy in Vratza, Bulgaria, 1964\u20131987: an epidemiologic analysis of population-based disease registers. Am J Epidemiol 2001: 17: 847\u2013853.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0369-8114(01)00265-6","volume":"50","author":"PS Dimitrov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dimitrov P.S., Simeonov V.A., Ganev V.S., and Karmaus W.J.J. Is the incidence of Balkan endemic nephropathy decreasing? Pathol Biol 2002: 50: 38\u201341.","journal-title":"Pathol Biol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR13","first-page":"S9","volume":"40","author":"GL Feder","year":"1991","unstructured":"Feder G.L., Radovanovic Z., and Finkelman R.B. Relationship between weathered coal deposits and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Kidney Int 1991: 40: S9\u2013S11.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR14","first-page":"11","volume-title":"The 6th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology","author":"VS Ganev","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ganev V.S., and Petropoulos E.A. Balkan endemic nephropathy and its putative environmental and genetic causes: a review. In: Lekkas T. (Ed.). The 6th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology. University of the Aegean, Pythagorion, Samos, Greece, 1999, pp 11\u201321."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s100400050033","volume":"2","author":"M Goldberg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goldberg M., Feder G.L., and Radovanovic Z. Correlation of Balkan endemic nephropathy with fluorescent organic compounds in shallow groundwater. Appl Hydrogeol 1994: 2: 15\u201322.","journal-title":"Appl Hydrogeol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(86)90266-4","volume":"54","author":"H Hoops","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hoops H., and Feder G. Chemical qualities of water that contribute to human health in a positive way. Sci Total Environ 1986: 54: 207\u2013216.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR17","first-page":"116","volume":"46","author":"T Hranjec","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hranjec T., Kovac A., and Kos J., et al. Endemic nephropathy: the case for chronic poisoning by Aristolochia. Croat Med J 2005: 46: 116\u2013125.","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR18","first-page":"829","volume":"60","author":"K Kraus","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kraus K. Studien ueber die endemische nephrozirrhose der Balkanhabinsel. Zeitschr Fur Arzliche Fortbildung 1996: 60: 829\u2013834.","journal-title":"Zeitschr Fur Arzliche Fortbildung"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(82)90173-4","volume":"11","author":"K Kveseth","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kveseth K., and Sortland B. Polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons in sewage, mussels and tap water. Chemosphere 1982: 11: 623\u2013639.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR20","first-page":"193","volume":"14","author":"DT Long","year":"2001","unstructured":"Long D.T., Icopini G., and Ganev V., et al. Geochemistry of Bulgaria soils in villages affected and not affected by Balkan endemic nephropathy: a pilot study. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2001a: 14: 193\u2013196.","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR21","first-page":"541","volume-title":"Preceedings of the 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology-September 2001","author":"DT Long","year":"2001","unstructured":"Long D.T., Icopini G., Ganev V., Petropoulos E.A., Voice T.C., and Chou K. Fingerprinting Balkan endemic nephropathy in the Bulgarian environment with geochemical markers. In: Lekkas T. (Ed.). Preceedings of the 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology-September 2001. University of the Aegean Press, Mytilene, Greece, Syros, Greece, 2001b, pp 541\u2013546."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR22","first-page":"43","volume-title":"Proceediongs of the 6th Symposium on Endemic (Balkan) Nephropathy","author":"Z Maksimovic","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maksimovic Z. Etiology of endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. In: Strahinjic S, Stefanovic V. (Eds.). Proceediongs of the 6th Symposium on Endemic (Balkan) Nephropathy. University Press, Nis, 1987, pp 43\u201347."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-9936(99)00111-9","volume":"18","author":"E Manoli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Manoli E., and Samara C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural waters: sources, occurrence and analysis. Trends Anal Chem 1999: 18: 417\u2013428.","journal-title":"Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/0306730310001640438","volume":"84","author":"SP McElmurry","year":"2004","unstructured":"McElmurry S.P., and Voice T.C. Screening methodology for coal-derived organic contaminants in water. Int J Environ Anal Chem 2004: 84: 277\u2013287.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Anal Chem"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2005.03.013","volume":"24","author":"BL Milman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Milman B.L. . Identification of chemical compounds. Trac-Trends Anal Chem 2005: 24: 493\u2013508.","journal-title":"Trac-Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR26","volume-title":"Chemistry of Coal Weathering","author":"CR Nelson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Nelson C.R. Chemistry of Coal Weathering. Elsevier, New York, 1989."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR27","first-page":"229","volume":"134","author":"N Niagolova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Niagolova N., McElmurry S.P., and Voice T.C., et al. Nitrogen species in drinking water indicate potential exposure pathway for Balkan endemic nephropathy. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2005: 134: 229\u2013237.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-5162(98)00071-8","volume":"40","author":"WH Orem","year":"1999","unstructured":"Orem W.H., Feder G.L., and Finkelman R.B. A possible link between Balkan endemic nephropathy and the leaching of toxic organic compounds from pliocene lignite by groundwater: preliminary investigation. Int J Coal Geol 1999: 40: 237\u2013252.","journal-title":"Int J Coal Geol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR29","first-page":"39","volume":"9","author":"WH Orem","year":"2002","unstructured":"Orem W.H., Tatu C.A., and Feder G.L., et al. Environment, geochemistry and the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: lessons from Romania. Facta Universitatis, Series: Med Biol 2002: 9: 39\u201348.","journal-title":"Facta Universitatis, Series: Med Biol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR30","first-page":"49","volume":"3","author":"WH Orem","year":"2004","unstructured":"Orem W.H., Tatu C.A., and Lerch H.E., et al. Identification and environmental signifcance of the organic compounds in water supplies associated with a Balkan endemic nephropathy region in Romania. J Environ Health Res 2004: 3: 49\u201361.","journal-title":"J Environ Health Res"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/02652030110079815","volume":"19","author":"A Pfohl-Leszkowicz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pfohl-Leszkowicz A., Petkova-Bocharova T., Chernozemsky I.N., and Castegrano M. Balkan endemic nephropathy and associated urinary tract tumours: a review on aetiological causes and the potential role of mycotoxins. Food Additive Cont 2002: 19: 282\u2013302.","journal-title":"Food Additive Cont"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(95)01339-3","volume":"737","author":"V Pichon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pichon V., Coumes C.C.D., Chen L., Guenu S., and Hennion M.C. Simple removal of humic and fulvic acid interferences using polymeric sorbents for the simultaneous solid-phase extraction of polar acidic, neutral and basic pesticides. J Chromatogr A 1996: 737: 25\u201333.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR33","volume-title":"Balkan Nephropathy","author":"MH Polenakovic","year":"1997","unstructured":"Polenakovic M.H., and Stefanovic V. Balkan Nephropathy. Davison A.M., et al. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR34","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Endemic Nephritis in Bulgaria; Medizina I Fizkultura","author":"A Puchlev","year":"1960","unstructured":"Puchlev A., Astrug A., Popov N., and Dotchev D. Clinical studies on endemic nephrities. In: Puchlev A. (Ed.). Endemic Nephritis in Bulgaria; Medizina I Fizkultura. Sofia, 1960, pp 7\u201371."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(95)01136-6","volume":"733","author":"D Puig","year":"1996","unstructured":"Puig D., and Barcelo D. Comparison of different sorbent materials for on-line liquid-solid extraction followed by liquid chromatographic determination of priority phenolic compounds in environmental waters. J Chromatogr A 1996: 733: 371\u2013381.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01061986","volume":"17","author":"Z Radovanovic","year":"1988","unstructured":"Radovanovic Z., and Stefanovic D. Different forms of mineral nitrogen in drinking water and Balkan nephropathy. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1988: 17: 813\u2013815.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR37","first-page":"11","volume":"115","author":"Z Radovanovic","year":"1991","unstructured":"Radovanovic Z. Epidemiological characteristics of balkan endemic nephropathy in eastern regions of Yugoslavia. IARC Sci Pub 1991: 115: 11\u201320.","journal-title":"IARC Sci Pub"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR38","volume-title":"Environmental Organic Chemsitry","author":"RP Schwarzenbach","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schwarzenbach R.P., Gschwend P.M., and Imboden D.M. Environmental Organic Chemsitry. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2003."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR39","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Organic Substances in Soil and Water: Natural Constituents and Their Influences on Contaminant Behavior","author":"N Senesi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Senesi N. Nature of interactions between organic chemicals and dissolved humic substances and the influence of environmental factors. In: Beck A.J. et al. (Eds.). Organic Substances in Soil and Water: Natural Constituents and Their Influences on Contaminant Behavior. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1993, pp 73\u2013101."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1021\/es00137a001","volume":"19","author":"H Shiraishi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Shiraishi H., Pilkington N.H., Otsuki A., and Fuwa K. Occurrence of chlorinated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in tap water. Environ Sci Technol 1985: 19: 585\u2013589.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR41","volume-title":"Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography","author":"LR Snyder","year":"1979","unstructured":"Snyder L.R., and Kirkland J.J. Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography. Wiley, New York, 1979."},{"key":"BF7500489_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/1044-0305(94)85022-4","volume":"5","author":"SE Stein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stein S.E. Estimating probabilities of correct identification from results of mass spectral library searches. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1994: 5: 316\u2013323.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR43","first-page":"59","volume":"16","author":"J Tanchev","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tanchev J. Medico-geographical map of the Balkan endemic nephropathy in the district of Vratza. Vutreshni Bolesti 1977: 16: 59\u201365.","journal-title":"Vutreshni Bolesti"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR44","first-page":"14","volume":"7","author":"Y Tanchev","year":"1956","unstructured":"Tanchev Y., Evstatiev Z., Dorossiev D., Pencheva J., and Tzvetkova G. Studies in the nephritides in the district of Vratza. Savremenna Med 1956: 7: 14\u201329.","journal-title":"Savremenna Med"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR45","first-page":"95","volume":"4","author":"CA Tatu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tatu C.A., Orem W.H., and Feder G.L., et al. additional support for the role of the pliocene lignite derived organic compounds in the etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. J Med Biochem 2000: 4: 95\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR46","first-page":"689","volume":"106","author":"CA Tatu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tatu C.A., Orem W.H., Finkelman R.B., and Feder G.L. The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: still more questions than answers. Environ Health Perspect 1998: 106: 689\u2013700.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"BF7500489_CR47","first-page":"S4","volume":"40","author":"RP Wedeen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wedeen R.P. Environmental renal-disease \u2013 lead, cadmium and Balkan endemic nephropathy. Kidney Int 1991: 40: S4\u2013S8.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500489.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500489","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500489.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T14:09:05Z","timestamp":1647439745000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500489"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["BF7500489"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jes.7500489","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0631","1559-064X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0631","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-064X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}