{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T11:14:08Z","timestamp":1793531648996,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,17]],"date-time":"2006-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1147824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,17]],"date-time":"2006-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1147824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,24]],"date-time":"2006-05-24T12:06:09Z","timestamp":1148472369000},"page":"170-181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":523,"title":["Indoor time\u2013microenvironment\u2013activity patterns in seven regions of Europe"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufus David","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Bayer-Oglesby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William James","family":"Gauderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Ilacqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matti","family":"Juhani Jantunen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak Kan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Nieuwenhuijsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nino","family":"K\u00fcnzli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF7500490_CR1","volume-title":"Time\u2013Activity Patterns in Exposure Assesment","author":"U Ackermann-Liebrich","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ackermann-Liebrich U, Viegi G., and Nolan C., Eds. Time\u2013Activity Patterns in Exposure Assesment. European Commission, Directorate-General XII, Brussels, Luxemburg, 1995. Air Pollution Epidemiology Report Series; No. Report Number 6."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR2","unstructured":"Adair J.H., and Spengler J.D. Time activity and exposure assessment: the six city indoor air quality experience. Paper presented at: 82nd Annual Meeting and Exposition of the Air and Waste Management Association (Paper No. 89-100.5), Anaheim, CA 1989."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR3","first-page":"151","volume":"16","author":"K Altergott","year":"1993","unstructured":"Altergott K., and McCreedy C. Gender and family status across the life course: constraints on five types of leisure. Soc Leisure 1993: 16: 151\u2013180.","journal-title":"Soc Leisure"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"BF7500490_CR4","first-page":"574","volume":"71","author":"T Baranowski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baranowski T., and de Moor C. How many days was that? Intraindividual variability and physical activity assessment. Res Q Exer Sport 2000: 71 (2 Suppl): 574\u2013578.","journal-title":"Res Q Exer Sport"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR5","unstructured":"Boudet C., Zmirou D., K\u00fcnzli N., and Oglesby L. Subjects adapt time\u2013activity patterns during participation in a personal exposure assessment study. Paper presented at: 7th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Analysis, Nov. 2\u20135, Research Triangle Park, NC 1997."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR6","volume-title":"Human Activity Patterns in the City: Things People do in Time and Space","author":"FS Chapin","year":"1974","unstructured":"Chapin F.S. Human Activity Patterns in the City: Things People do in Time and Space. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR7","first-page":"471","volume":"7","author":"WH Dorre","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dorre W.H. Time\u2013activity-patterns of some selected small groups as a basis for exposure estimation: a methodological study. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 1997: 7: 471\u2013491.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500046","volume":"9","author":"SL Echols","year":"1999","unstructured":"Echols S.L., MacIntosh D.L., Hammerstrom K.A., and Ryan P.B. Temporal variability of microenvironmental time budgets in Maryland. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 1999: 9: 502\u2013512.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500179","volume":"11","author":"SL Echols","year":"2001","unstructured":"Echols S.L., MacIntosh D.L., and Ryan P.B. Temporal patterns of activities potentially related to pesticide exposure. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2001: 11: 389\u2013397.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR10","unstructured":"Eurostat. Comparable time use statistics \u2014 National tables from 10 European countries. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 2005."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR11","unstructured":"Eurostat. How Europeans spend their time \u2014 Everyday life of women and men.. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 2004."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR12","unstructured":"Eurostat. Time use at different stages of life \u2014 Results from 13 European countries.. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 2003. 92-894-6047-4."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR13","unstructured":"ExpoFacts. European exposure factor database for exposure assessment and risk analysis. http:\/\/www.ktl.fi\/expofacts, 2005."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500052","volume":"9","author":"NC Freeman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Freeman N.C., Lioy P.J., Pellizzari E., Zelon H., Thomas K., Clayton A., and Quackenboss J. Responses to the region 5 NHEXAS time\/activity diary. national human exposure assessment survey. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 1999: 9: 414\u2013426.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR15","first-page":"327","volume":"1","author":"NC Freeman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Freeman N.C., Waldman J.M., and Lioy P.J. Design and evaluation of a location and activity log used for assessing personal exposure to air pollutants. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 1991: 1: 327\u2013338.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500293","volume":"14","author":"S Graham","year":"2004","unstructured":"Graham S., and McCurdy T. Developing meaningful cohorts for human exposure models. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2004: 14: 23\u201343.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199905000-00002","volume":"10","author":"S Gruffermann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gruffermann S. Complexity and the Hawthorne effect in community trials [editorial; comment]. Epidemiology 1999: 10: 209\u2013210.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"BF7500490_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500342","volume":"14","author":"O H\u00e4nninen","year":"2004","unstructured":"H\u00e4nninen O., Alm S., and Katsouyanni K., et al. The EXPOLIS study: implications for exposure research and environmental policy in Europe. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2004: 14 (6): 440\u2013456.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR19","first-page":"495","volume":"8","author":"MJ Jantunen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jantunen M.J., Hanninen O., and Katsouyanni K., et al. Air pollution exposure in European cities: the \u201cEXPOLIS\u201d study. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 1998: 8: 495\u2013518.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1016\/0960-1686(92)90402-7","volume":"26A","author":"P Jenkins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jenkins P., Phillips T., Mulbert E., and Hui S. Activity patterns of Californians: use of and proximity to indoor pollutant sources. Atmos Environ 1992: 26A: 2141\u20132148.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR21","volume-title":"An Analysis of Ten Time\/Activity Databases: The Effect of Selected Factors on the Apportionment of Time Among Microenvironments and Breathing Rate Categories","author":"T Johnson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnson T., Capel J., and McCoy M. An Analysis of Ten Time\/Activity Databases: The Effect of Selected Factors on the Apportionment of Time Among Microenvironments and Breathing Rate Categories. IT Corporation, Durham, NC, 1995."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500165","volume":"11","author":"NE Klepeis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klepeis N.E., Nelson W.C., and Ott W.R., et al. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2001: 11: 231\u2013252.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"BF7500490_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.1999.10463916","volume":"49","author":"K Koistinnen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koistinnen K., Kousa A., and Tenhola V., et al. Fine particle (PM2.5) measurement methodology, quality assurance procedures and pilot results of the EXPOLIS Study. J Air Waste Manage Assoc 1999: 49 (10): 1212\u20131220.","journal-title":"J Air Waste Manage Assoc"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500244","volume":"12","author":"JA Leech","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leech J.A., Nelson W.C., Burnett R.T., Aaron S., and Raizenne M.E. It's about time: a comparison of Canadian and American time\u2013activity patterns. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2002: 12: 427\u2013432.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500281","volume":"13","author":"T McCurdy","year":"2003","unstructured":"McCurdy T., and Graham S. Using human activity data in expsoure models: analysis of discriminating factors. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2003: 13: 294\u2013317.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"BF7500490_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.1.30","volume":"1","author":"K McGraw","year":"1996","unstructured":"McGraw K., and Wong S. Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychol Methods 1996: 1 (1): 30\u201346.","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR27","unstructured":"Nelson W., Ott W., and Robinson J. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS): Use of Nationwide Activity Data for Human Exposure Assessment: Presented at 87th Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Air & Waste Management Association, (Paper no. 94-WA75A.01) 1994."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500088","volume":"10","author":"L Oglesby","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oglesby L., Rotko T., and Kr\u00fctli P., et al. personal exposure assessment studies may suffer from exposure relevant selection bias. J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol 2000: 10: 251\u2013266.","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR29","unstructured":"Ott W.R. Human activity patterns: a review of the literature for estimating time spent indoors, outdoors, and in transit. Paper presented at: Proceedings of the Research Planning Conference on Human Activity Patterns, Las Vegas, NV 1989."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1021\/es00150a003","volume":"20","author":"JJ Quackenboss","year":"1986","unstructured":"Quackenboss J.J., Spengler J.D., Kanarek M.S., Letz R., and Duffy C.P. Personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide: relationship to indoor\/outdoor air quality and activity patterns. Environ Sci Technol 1986: 20: 775\u2013783.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500053","volume":"9","author":"GL Robertson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robertson G.L., Lebowitz M.D., O'Rourke M.K., Gordon S., and Moschandreas D.J. The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) study in Arizona \u2014 introduction and preliminary results. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 1999: 9: 427\u2013434.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(88)90120-5","volume":"22","author":"JP Robinson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Robinson J.P. Time-diary research and human exposure assessment: some methodological considerations. Atmos Environ 1988: 22: 2085\u20132092.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR33","unstructured":"Robinson J.P., and Blaire J. Estimating exposure to pollutants through human activity pattern data: the national microenvironmental activity pattern survey. Annual Report, Survey Research Center, University of Maryland; 1995."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500162","volume":"11","author":"T Rotko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rotko T., Kousa A., Alm S., and Jantunen M. Exposures to nitrogen dioxide in EXPOLIS-Helsinki: microenvironment, behavioral and sociodemographic factors. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2001: 11: 216\u2013223.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500101","volume":"10","author":"T Rotko","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rotko T., Oglesby L., Kunzli N., and Jantunen M.J. Population sampling in European air pollution exposure study, EXPOLIS: comparisons between the cities and representativeness of the samples. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2000: 10: 355\u2013364.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR36","first-page":"537","volume":"6","author":"M Schwab","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schwab M., Colome S.D., Spengler J.D., Ryan P.B., and Billick I.H. Activity patterns applied to exposure assessment: data from a personal monitoring study in Los Angeles. Toxicol Ind Health 1990: 6: 537\u2013592.","journal-title":"Toxicol Ind Health"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR37","unstructured":"Schwab M., Spengler J., and Ryan P.B., et al. Describing activity patterns for use in exposure assessment: data from the Los Angeles personal monitoring study. Paper presented at: 82nd Meeting and Exhibition of the Air and Waste Management Association (Paper No. 89-100.4), 1989; Anaheim, CA."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR38","unstructured":"Schweizer C., K\u00fcnzli N., Jantunen M., and Bayer-Oglesby L. EXPOLIS-INDEX: Final Report of Work Package 1, Basel and Los Angeles 2004: http:\/\/www.ktl.fi\/expolis\/EXPOLIS-INDEX2004\/expolis_index.html."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.86.2.420","volume":"86","author":"PE Shrout","year":"1979","unstructured":"Shrout P.E., and Fleiss J.L. Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychol Bull 1979: 86: 420\u2013428.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-3287(75)90017-8","volume":"7","author":"A Szalai","year":"1975","unstructured":"Szalai A. Women's time: women in the light of contemporary time-budget research. Futures 1975: 7: 385\u2013399.","journal-title":"Futures"},{"key":"BF7500490_CR41","volume-title":"The Use of Time. Daily Activities of Urban and Suburban Populations in Twelve Countries","author":"A Szalai","year":"1972","unstructured":"Szalai A. . ed. The Use of Time. Daily Activities of Urban and Suburban Populations in Twelve Countries. Mouton, The Hague, Paris, 1972; No. 5."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR42","volume-title":"The Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study: Summary and Analysis: Volume I","author":"L Wallace","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wallace L. The Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) Study: Summary and Analysis: Volume I. U.S. EPA, Washington, DC, 1987."},{"key":"BF7500490_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500319","volume":"14","author":"J Xue","year":"2004","unstructured":"Xue J., McCurdy T., Spengler J., and zkaynak H. Understanding variability in time spent in selected locations for 7\u201312-year old children. J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol 2004: 14: 222\u2013233.","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Environ Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500490.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500490","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500490.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T14:17:26Z","timestamp":1647440246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/7500490"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,17]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}},"alternative-id":["BF7500490"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.jes.7500490","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-0631","1559-064X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0631","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-064X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2005","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}