{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:17:03Z","timestamp":1777454223668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T11:24:31Z","timestamp":1133868271000},"page":"495-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Five additional mobility and locomotor items to improve responsiveness of the FIM in wheelchair-dependent individuals with spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"J W","family":"Middleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L A","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Batty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Quirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Winstanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"BF3101872_CR1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Rehabilitation Outcomes: Analysis and Measurement","author":"BB Hamilton","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hamilton BB, Granger CV, Sherwin FS, Zielezny M, Tahman JS . A uniform national data system for medical rehabilitation. In: Fuhrer MJ (ed). Rehabilitation Outcomes: Analysis and Measurement. PH Brookes Pub. Co.: Baltimore 1987, pp 137\u2013147."},{"key":"BF3101872_CR2","first-page":"70","volume":"32","author":"JF Ditunno","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ditunno JF, Young W, Donovan WH, Creasey G . The international standards booklet for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. American Spinal Injuries Association. Paraplegia 1994; 32: 70\u201380.","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(93)90119-U","volume":"74","author":"T Dodds","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dodds T, Martin D, Stolov W, Deyo R . A validation of the functional independence measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 74: 531\u2013536.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(98)90239-8","volume":"79","author":"JW Middleton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Middleton JW, Truman G, Geraghty TJ . Neurological level effect on the discharge functional status of spinal cord injured persons after rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79: 1428\u20131432.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR5","first-page":"613","volume":"29","author":"RR Menter","year":"1991","unstructured":"Menter RR et al. Impairment, disability, handicap and medical expenses of persons aging with spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1991; 29: 613\u2013619.","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1996.96","volume":"34","author":"T Ota","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ota T et al. Functional assessment of patients with spinal cord injury: measured by the motor score and the Functional Independence Measure. Spinal Cord 1996; 34: 531\u2013535.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR7","first-page":"225","volume":"31","author":"RJ Marino","year":"1993","unstructured":"Marino RJ, Huang M, Knight P, Herbison GJ, Ditunno JF, Segal M . Assessing selfcare status in quadriplegia: comparison of the quadriplegia index of function (QIF) and the functional independence measure (FIM). Paraplegia 1993; 31: 225\u2013233.","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF Short Version. WHO: Geneva 2001."},{"key":"BF3101872_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100504","volume":"35","author":"A Catz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Catz A, Itzkovich M, Agranov E, Ring H, Tamir A . SCIM \u2013 spinal cord independence measure: a new disability scale for patients with spinal cord lesions. Spinal Cord 1997; 35: 850\u2013856.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.26823","volume":"83","author":"R Kirby","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kirby R, Swuste J, Dupuis D, MacLeod D, Monroe R . The wheelchair skills test: a pilot study of new outcome measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83: 10\u201318.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2002.36066","volume":"83","author":"OJ Kilkens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kilkens OJ, Post MW, van der Woude LH, Dallmeijer AJ, van den Heuvel WJ . The wheelchair circuit: reliability of a test to assess mobility in persons with spinal cord injuries. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002; 83: 1783\u20131788.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100636","volume":"36","author":"L Harvey","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harvey L, Batty J, Fahey A . Reliability of a tool for assessing mobility in wheelchair-dependent paraplegics. Spinal Cord 1998; 36: 427\u2013431.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90130-6","volume":"77","author":"MG Stineman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stineman MG et al. The functional independence measure: tests of scaling assumptions, structure, and reliability across 20 diverse impairment categories. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996; 77: 1101\u20131108.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR14","first-page":"844","volume":"32","author":"TWJ Janssen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Janssen TWJ, van Oers CAJM, Veeger HEJ, Hollander AP, van der Woude LHV, Rozendahl RH . Relationship between physical strain during standardised ADL tasks and physical capacity in men with spinal cord injuries. Paraplegia 1994; 32: 844\u2013859.","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR15","volume-title":"SPSS for Windows: Professional Statistics","author":"MJ Norusis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Norusis MJ . SPSS for Windows: Professional Statistics. SPSS Inc.: Chicago 1992."},{"key":"BF3101872_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379303800214","volume":"38","author":"DL Streiner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Streiner DL . A checklist for evaluating the usefulness of rating scales. Can J Psychiatry 1993; 38: 140\u2013148.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379403900303","volume":"39","author":"DL Streiner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Streiner DL . Figuring out factors: the use and misuse of factor analysis. Can J Psychiatry 1994; 39: 135\u2013140.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR18","volume-title":"Factor Analysis","author":"R Gorsuch","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gorsuch R . Factor Analysis. Saunders Company: London 1974."},{"key":"BF3101872_CR19","volume-title":"Multivariate Analysis","author":"WJ Krzanowski","year":"1995","unstructured":"Krzanowski WJ, Marriot FHC . Multivariate Analysis. Halsted Press: New York 1995."},{"key":"BF3101872_CR20","volume-title":"Applied Factor Analysis","author":"RJ Rummel","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rummel RJ . Applied Factor Analysis. Northwestern University Press: Evanston 1970."},{"key":"BF3101872_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr0102_10","volume":"1","author":"R Cattell","year":"1966","unstructured":"Cattell R . The scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behav Res 1966; 1: 245\u2013276.","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav Res"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555","volume":"16","author":"LJ Cronbach","year":"1951","unstructured":"Cronbach LJ . Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951; 16: 297\u2013334.","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR23","volume-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"JC Nunnally","year":"1978","unstructured":"Nunnally JC . Psychometric Theory. 2nd edn McGraw Hill: New York 1978."},{"key":"BF3101872_CR24","volume-title":"Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"S Siegel","year":"1956","unstructured":"Siegel S . Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences. McGraw-Hill: New York 1956."},{"key":"BF3101872_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101118","volume":"39","author":"A Catz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Catz A, Itzkovich M, Agranov E, Ring H, Tamir A . The spinal cord independence measure (SCIM): sensitivity to functional changes in subgroups of spinal cord lesion patients. Spinal Cord 2001; 39: 97\u2013100.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.46.4.648","volume":"46","author":"AL Comrey","year":"1978","unstructured":"Comrey AL . Common methodological problems in factor analytic studies. J Consuli Clin Psychol 1978; 46: 648\u2013659.","journal-title":"J Consuli Clin Psychol"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.103.2.265","volume":"103","author":"R Guadagnoli","year":"1988","unstructured":"Guadagnoli R, Velicer W . Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychol Bull 1988; 103: 1255\u20131263.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199304000-00005","volume":"72","author":"C Granger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Granger C, Hamilton B, Linacre J, Heinemann A, Wright B . Performance profiles of the functional independence measure. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1993; 72: 84\u201389.","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"BF3101872_CR29","first-page":"90","volume":"68","author":"AW Heinemann","year":"1987","unstructured":"Heinemann AW, Magiera-Planey R, Schiro-Geist C, Gimines G . Mobility for persons with spinal cord injury: an evaluation of two systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1987; 68: 90\u201393.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Spinal Cord"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/3101872.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/3101872","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/3101872.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T00:48:19Z","timestamp":1684284499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/3101872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["BF3101872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.sc.3101872","relation":{},"ISSN":["1362-4393","1476-5624"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1362-4393","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5624","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]]}}}