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The pathogens of CNS infections were confirmed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using molecular diagnostics, culture (bacteria) and serology. 87 patients were recruited for the study and the etiological diagnosis was established in 38% (n = 33). The bacterial pathogens identified were <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic> (n = 6); <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (n = 5) and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (n = 2) in 13\/87(14%). Enteroviruses were found in 12\/87 (13%); Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) in 2\/87(2%). IgM against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected in the CSF of 11\/73 (15%) tested samples. This is the first prospective molecular and serology based CSF analysis in adults with CNS infections in Kathmandu, Nepal. JEV and enteroviruses were the most commonly detected pathogens in this setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T09:07:02Z","timestamp":1375952822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Aetiologies of Central Nervous System infections in adults in Kathmandu, Nepal: A prospective hospital-based study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Giri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Arjyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Koirala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhilasha","family":"Karkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Dongol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudeep Dhoj","family":"Thapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olita","family":"Shilpakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rishav","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"van Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bkrong Nguyen","family":"Thi Thuy Chinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radheshyam","family":"Krishna K. 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