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However, it is unclear how these behaviours are organised throughout development. A major hindrance to empirical investigation is that there is no common paradigm for all ages that can circumvent infants' underdeveloped verbal and motor abilities. Here, we propose a new paradigm, named the image-scratch task, using a gaze-contingent technique that is adaptable to various extents of motor ability. In this task, participants scratch off a black layer on a display to uncover pictures beneath it by using their gaze. We established quantitative criteria for spontaneous eye-movement based on adults' gaze-data and demonstrated that our task is useful for evaluating eye-movements motivated by outcome attractiveness in 8-month-olds. Finally, we discuss the potential of this paradigm for revealing the mechanisms and developmental transitions underlying infants' spontaneous and intentional behaviours.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]],"date-time":"2014-06-30T09:06:18Z","timestamp":1404119178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The image-scratch paradigm: a new paradigm for evaluating infants' motivated gaze control"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Michiko","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Rolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep05498_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1979.tb01577.x","volume":"21","author":"H Prechtl","year":"1979","unstructured":"Prechtl, H., Fargel, J., Weinmann, H. & Bakker, H. 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