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We found that all air pollutants had significant short-term impacts on non-accidental mortality. An increase of 10\u2005\u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> in PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>, 10\u2005ppb in O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, 1\u2005ppb in SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were associated with a 0.40% (95% posterior interval (PI): 0.22, 0.59%), 0.78% (95% PI: 0.20, 1.35%) and 0.34% (95% PI: 0.17, 0.50%) increase of non-accidental mortality, respectively. O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> air pollution is significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality, while PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> is significantly related to respiratory mortality. In general, the effects of all pollutants on all mortality types were higher in summer and winter than those in the rainy season. This study highlights the effects of exposure to air pollution on mortality risks in Thailand. 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