{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:17:12Z","timestamp":1791299832303,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"DOI":"10.1038\/srep07174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T10:11:33Z","timestamp":1416823893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Gorilla gorilla gorilla gut: a potential reservoir of pathogenic bacteria as revealed using culturomics and molecular tools"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Fadi","family":"Bittar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou B.","family":"Keita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Lagier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Peeters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Delaporte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03825.x","volume":"18","author":"L Duval","year":"2012","unstructured":"Duval, L. & Ariey, F. Ape Plasmodium parasites as a source of human outbreaks. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18, 528\u2013532 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092528","volume":"303","author":"EM Leroy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leroy, E. M. et al. Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife. Science 303, 387\u2013390 (2004).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09442","volume":"467","author":"W Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, W. et al. Origin of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in gorillas. Nature 467, 420\u2013425 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03843.x","volume":"18","author":"M Peeters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peeters, M. & Delaporte, E. Simian retroviruses in African apes. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18, 514\u2013520 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03810.x","volume":"18","author":"D Raoult","year":"2012","unstructured":"Raoult, D. The apes as reservoir of human pathogens. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18, 513 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1236958","volume":"340","author":"PM Sharp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sharp, P. M., Rayner, J. C. & Hahn, B. H. Great apes and zoonoses. Science 340, 284\u2013286 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2012.03816.x","volume":"18","author":"S Calvignac-Spencer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Calvignac-Spencer, S., Leendertz, S. A., Gillespie, T. R. & Leendertz, F. H. Wild great apes as sentinels and sources of infectious disease. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18, 521\u2013527 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133105","volume":"314","author":"M Bermejo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bermejo, M., Rodriguez-Teijeiro, J. D., Illera, G., Barroso, A., Vila, C. & Walsh, P. D. Ebola outbreak killed 5000 gorillas. Science 314, 1564 (2006).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-004-0103-y","volume":"46","author":"G Kalema-Zikusoka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kalema-Zikusoka, G., Rothman, J. M. & Fox, M. T. Intestinal parasites and bacteria of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Primates 46, 59\u201363 (2005).","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e54679","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054679","volume":"8","author":"AK Keita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keita, A. K. et al. Molecular evidence for the presence of Rickettsia Felis in the feces of wild-living African apes. PLoS One 8, e54679 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5333","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00303-06","volume":"188","author":"SR Klee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klee, S. R. et al. Characterization of Bacillus anthracis-like bacteria isolated from wild great apes from C\u00f4te d'Ivoire and Cameroon. J. Bacteriol. 188, 5333\u20135344 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12119","volume":"19","author":"M Nagel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nagel, M. et al. Human-associated Staphylococcus aureus strains within great ape populations in Central Africa (Gabon). Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19, 1072\u20131077 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.24","volume":"44","author":"WM Meyers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Meyers, W. M., Gormus, B. J., Walsh, G. P., Baskin, G. B. & Hubbard, G. B. Naturally acquired and experimental leprosy in nonhuman primates. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 44, 24\u201327 (1991).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.121012","volume":"19","author":"M Coscolla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coscolla, M. et al. Novel Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolate from a wild chimpanzee. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 19, 969\u201376 (2013).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.2008.01018.x","volume":"22","author":"IB Rwego","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rwego, I. B., Isabirye-Basuta, G., Gillespie, T. R. & Goldberg, T. L. Gastrointestinal bacterial transmission among humans, mountain gorillas and livestock in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Conserv. Biol. 22, 1600\u20131607 (2008).","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12023","volume":"18","author":"JC Lagier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lagier, J. C. et al. Microbial culturomics: paradigm shift in the human gut microbiome study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18, 1185\u20131193 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1787-3","volume":"32","author":"G Dubourg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dubourg, G. et al. The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 32, 637\u2013645 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1900-2","volume":"32","author":"A Pfleiderer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pfleiderer, A., Lagier, J. C., Armougom, F., Robert, C., Vialettes, B. & Raoult, D. Culturomics identified 11 new bacterial species from a single anorexia nervosa stool sample. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 32, 1\u201311 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR19","unstructured":"Mandell, G. L., Bennett, J. E. & Dolin, R. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. Elsevier 7th ed. (2010)."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keita, M. B. et al. Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Gorillibacterium massiliense gen. nov, sp. nov., a new member of the family Paenibacillaceae. Stand. Genomic Sci. 9 (2014).","DOI":"10.4056\/sigs.5199182"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4056\/sigs.4388124","volume":"9","author":"MB Keita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keita, M. B., Diene, S. M., Robert, C., Raoult, D., Fournier, P. E. & Bittar, F. Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Bacillus massiliogorillae sp. nov. Stand. Genomic. Sci. 9, 93\u2013105 (2013).","journal-title":"Stand. Genomic. Sci."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keita, M. B. et al. Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Paenibacillus gorillae sp. nov. Stand. Genomic Sci. 9 (2014).","DOI":"10.4056\/sigs.5189179"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4236","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04236","volume":"4","author":"R Ghodbane","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ghodbane, R., Raoult, D. & Drancourt, M. Dramatic reduction of culture time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci. Rep. 4, 4236 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.63969-0","volume":"56","author":"T Adekambi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Adekambi, T., Berger, P., Raoult, D. & Drancourt, M. rpoB gene sequence-based characterization of emerging non-tuberculous mycobacteria with descriptions of Mycobacterium bolletii sp. nov., Mycobacterium phocaicum sp. nov. and Mycobacterium aubagnense sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 56, 133\u2013143 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3788","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.5.3788-3792.2006","volume":"72","author":"JC Frey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frey, J. C., Rothman, J. M., Pell, A. N., Nizeyi, J. B., Cranfield, M. R. & Angert, E. R. Fecal bacterial diversity in a wild gorilla. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72, 3788\u20133792 (2006).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2012.07.015","volume":"91","author":"K Vlckova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vlckova, K., Mrazek, J., Kopecny, J. & Petrzelkova, K. J. Evaluation of different storage methods to characterize the fecal bacterial communities of captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). J. Microbiol. Methods 91, 45\u201351 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13963","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013963","volume":"5","author":"S Yildirim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yildirim, S. et al. Characterization of the fecal microbiome from non-human wild primates reveals species specific microbial communities. PLoS One 5, e13963 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20809","volume":"72","author":"BA Szekely","year":"2010","unstructured":"Szekely, B. A., Singh, J., Marsh, T. L., Hagedorn, C., Werre, S. R. & Kaur, T. Fecal bacterial diversity of human-habituated wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale Mountains National Park, Western Tanzania. Am. J. Primatol. 72, 566\u2013574 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20826","volume":"72","author":"X Bo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bo, X. et al. Phylogenetic analysis of the fecal flora of the wild pygmy loris. Am. J. Primatol. 72, 699\u2013706 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Primatol."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22448","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022448","volume":"6","author":"F Peris-Bondia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peris-Bondia, F., Latorre, A., Artacho, A., Moya, A. & D'Auria, G. The active human gut microbiota differs from the total microbiota. PLoS One 6, e22448 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sassi, M., Ben Kahla, I. & Drancourt, M. Mycobacterium abscessus multispacer sequence typing. BMC Microbiol. 13 (2013).","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-13-3"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2008.02.003","volume":"130","author":"H B\u00f6hnel","year":"2008","unstructured":"B\u00f6hnel, H., Wagner, C. & Gessler, F. Tonsils-Place of botulinum toxin production: results of routine laboratory diagnosis in farm animals. Vet. Microbiol. 130, 403\u2013409 (2008).","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/104063871002200201","volume":"22","author":"AL Johnson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson, A. L., McAdams, S. C. & Whitlock, R. H. Type A botulism in horses in the United States: A Review of the past Ten Years (1998\u20132008). J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 22, 165\u2013173 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.04.017","volume":"110","author":"J Myllykoski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Myllykoski, J., Nevas, M., Lindstr\u00f6m, M. & Korkeala, H. The detection and prevalence of Clostridium botulinum in pig intestinal samples. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 110, 172\u2013177 (2006).","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4102\/jsava.v82i2.42","volume":"82","author":"JH Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams, J. H., Bester, L., Venter, L., Pretorius, D. & Greyling, F. Barbiturate ingestion in three adult captive tigers (Panthera tigris) and concomitant fatal botulism of one. J S Afr Vet Assoc. 82, 244\u2013249 (2011).","journal-title":"J S Afr Vet Assoc."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17714","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017956108","volume":"108","author":"L Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Wu, Q., Dai, J., Zhang, S. & Wei, F. Evidence of cellulose metabolism by the giant panda gut microbiome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 108, 17714\u201317719 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0614","volume":"88","author":"AK Keita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keita, A. K. et al. Looking for Tropheryma whipplei source and reservoir in rural Senegal. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 88, 339\u2013343 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024236","volume":"6","author":"S Kondgen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kondgen, S. et al. Pasteurella multocida involved in respiratory disease of wild chimpanzees. PLoS One 6, e24236 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155725","volume":"320","author":"RE Ley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ley, R. E. et al. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 320 (5883), 1647\u20131651 (2008).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep07174_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02129-09","volume":"84","author":"C Neel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Neel, C. et al. Molecular epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild-living gorillas. J. Virol. 84, 1464\u20131476 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep07174.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep07174","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep07174.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T08:35:38Z","timestamp":1717576538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep07174"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,17]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep07174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep07174","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 October 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"7174"}}