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Among the metabolite-rich cnidarian order Zoantharia, <jats:italic>Parazoanthus<\/jats:italic> is a polyphyletic genus whose systematics and phylogeny remain controversial. Within this genus, one of the most studied species, <jats:italic>Parazoanthus axinellae<\/jats:italic> is prominent in rocky shallow waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the NE Atlantic Ocean. Although different morphotypes can easily be distinguished, only one species is recognized to date. Here, a metabolomic profiling approach has been used to assess the chemical diversity of two main Mediterranean morphotypes, the \u201cslender\u201d and \u201cstocky\u201d forms of <jats:italic>P. axinellae<\/jats:italic>. Targeted profiling of their major secondary metabolites revealed a significant chemical divergence between the morphotypes. While zoanthoxanthin alkaloids and ecdysteroids are abundant in both morphs, the \u201cslender\u201d morphotype is characterized by the presence of additional and bioactive 3,5-disubstituted hydantoin derivatives named parazoanthines. The absence of these specific compounds in the \u201cstocky\u201d morphotype was confirmed by spatial and temporal monitoring over an annual cycle. Moreover, specimens of the \u201cslender\u201d morphotype are also the only ones found as epibionts of several sponge species, particularly <jats:italic>Cymbaxinella damicornis<\/jats:italic> thus suggesting a putative ecological link.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T10:04:38Z","timestamp":1423217078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Metabolomic profiling reveals deep chemical divergence between two morphotypes of the zoanthid Parazoanthus axinellae"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Nadja","family":"Cachet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9gory","family":"Genta-Jouve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julijana","family":"Ivanisevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Chevaldonn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Sinniger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rald","family":"Culioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier P.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep08282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1071\/IS11044","volume":"26","author":"J Reveillaud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reveillaud, J. et al. 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