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Here we surveyed the species composition of commercial <jats:italic>Rhodiola<\/jats:italic> products using DNA barcoding as a supervisory method. A <jats:italic>Rhodiola<\/jats:italic> dietary supplement DNA barcode database was successfully constructed using 82 voucher samples from 10 <jats:italic>Rhodiola<\/jats:italic> species. Based on the DNA barcoding standard operating procedure (SOP), we used this database to identify 100 Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma decoction piece samples that were purchased from drug stores and hospitals. The results showed that only 36 decoction piece sequences (40%) were authentic <jats:italic>R. crenulata<\/jats:italic>, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia, whereas the other samples were all adulterants and may indicate a potential safety issue. Among the adulterants, 35 sequences (38.9%) were authenticated as <jats:italic>R. serrata<\/jats:italic>, nine sequences (10%) were authenticated as <jats:italic>R. rosea<\/jats:italic>, which is documented in the United States Pharmacopeia and the remaining samples were authenticated as other three <jats:italic>Rhodiola<\/jats:italic> species. This result indicates decoction pieces that are available in the market have complex origins and DNA barcoding is a convenient tool for market supervision.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]],"date-time":"2015-02-09T10:23:07Z","timestamp":1423477387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Survey of commercial Rhodiola products revealed species diversity and potential safety issues"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Xin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochong","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiyang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianghong","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congzhao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep08337_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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