{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:23:15Z","timestamp":1790360595644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides not only morphological information but also information about layer-specific optical intensities, which may represent the underlying tissue properties. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively investigate the optical intensity of each retinal layers in central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). Twenty-nine CRAO cases at acute phase and 33 normal controls were included. Macula-centered 3D OCT images were segmented with a fully-automated Iowa Reference Algorithm into 10 layers. Layer-specific mean intensities were determined and compared between the patient and control groups using multiple regression analysis while adjusting for age and optical intensity of the entire region. The optical intensities were higher in CRAO than in controls in layers spanning from the retinal ganglion cell layer to outer plexiform layer (standardized beta = 0.657 to 0.777, all p &lt; 0.001), possibly due to ischemia. Optical intensities were lower at the photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid layers (standardized beta = \u22120.412 to \u22120.611, all p &lt; 0.01), possibly due to shadowing effects. Among the intraretinal layers, the inner nuclear layer was identified as the best indicator of CRAO. Our study provides <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> information of the optical intensity changes in each retinal layer in CRAO patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T10:11:17Z","timestamp":1426673477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Quantitative analysis of retinal layers' optical intensities on 3D optical coherence tomography for central retinal artery occlusion"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiao","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehui","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Sonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-012-0202-9","volume":"15","author":"S Cugati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cugati, S., Varma, D. D., Chen, C. S. & Lee, A. W. Treatment options for central retinal artery occlusion. Curr Treat Options Neurol 15, 63\u201377 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181bf5fd5","volume":"30","author":"NG Ghazi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ghazi, N. G., Tilton, E. P., Patel, B., Knape, R. M. & Newman, S. A. Comparison of macular optical coherence tomography findings between postacute retinal artery occlusion and nonacute optic neuropathy. Retina 30, 578\u2013585 (2010).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S13592","volume":"4","author":"R Mathew","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mathew, R., Papavasileiou, E. & Sivaprasad, S. Autofluorescence and high-definition optical coherence tomography of retinal artery occlusions. Clin Ophthalmol 4, 1159\u20131163 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6702457","volume":"21","author":"CK Leung","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leung, C. K. et al. In vivo measurements of macular and nerve fibre layer thickness in retinal arterial occlusion. Eye (Lond) 21, 1464\u20131468 (2007).","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32835f8bf8","volume":"24","author":"M Adhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adhi, M. & Duker, J. S. Optical coherence tomography\u2014current and future applications. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 24, 213\u2013221 (2013).","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR6","first-page":"250","volume":"11","author":"D Schmidt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schmidt, D., Kube, T. & Feltgen, N. Central retinal artery occlusion: findings in optical coherence tomography and functional correlations. Eur J Med Res 11, 250\u2013252 (2006).","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0791-x","volume":"246","author":"K Shinoda","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shinoda, K., Yamada, K., Matsumoto, C. S., Kimoto, K. & Nakatsuka, K. Changes in retinal thickness are correlated with alterations of electroretinogram in eyes with central retinal artery occlusion. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 246, 949\u2013954 (2008).","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2010.198937","volume":"96","author":"M Ritter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ritter, M. et al. In vivo identification of alteration of inner neurosensory layers in branch retinal artery occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol 96, 201\u2013207 (2012).","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20061101-12","volume":"37","author":"SM Falkenberry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Falkenberry, S. M., Ip, M. S., Blodi, B. A. & Gunther, J. B. Optical coherence tomography findings in central retinal artery occlusion. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 37, 502\u2013505 (2006).","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.5301\/ejo.5000033","volume":"22","author":"H Ozdemir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ozdemir, H., Karacorlu, M., Karacorlu, S. A. & Senturk, F. Localized foveal detachment in a patient with central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal sparing. Eur J Ophthalmol 22, 492\u2013494 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3529","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-1320","volume":"49","author":"D Barthelmes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Barthelmes, D., Sutter, F. K. & Gillies, M. C. Differential optical densities of intraretinal spaces. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49, 3529\u20133534 (2008).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3104","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8700","volume":"53","author":"M Neudorfer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neudorfer, M., Weinberg, A., Loewenstein, A. & Barak, A. Differential optical density of subretinal spaces. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53, 3104\u20133110 (2012).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.03.051","volume":"117","author":"T Alasil","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alasil, T. et al. Relationship between optical coherence tomography retinal parameters and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 117, 2379\u20132386 (2010).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8188","volume":"53","author":"SY Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, S. Y., Stetson, P. F., Ruiz-Garcia, H., Heussen, F. M. & Sadda, S. R. Automated characterization of pigment epithelial detachment by optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53, 164\u2013170 (2012).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4236\/jbise.2011.410082","volume":"4","author":"W Gao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gao, W. et al. Investigation of changes in thickness and reflectivity from layered retinal structures of healthy and diabetic eyes with optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Sci Eng. 4, 657\u2013665 (2011).","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci Eng."},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.118.8.1044","volume":"118","author":"ME Pons","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pons, M. E. et al. Assessment of retinal nerve fiber layer internal reflectivity in eyes with and without glaucoma using optical coherence tomography. Arch Ophthalmol 118, 1044\u20131047 (2000).","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6737","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7665","volume":"52","author":"XR Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang, X. R., Zhou, Y., Kong, W. & Knighton, R. W. Reflectance decreases before thickness changes in the retinal nerve fiber layer in glaucomatous retinas. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 52, 6737\u20136742 (2011).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2010.2084567","volume":"3","author":"MD Abramoff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abramoff, M. D., Garvin, M. K. & Sonka, M. Retinal imaging and image analysis. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 3, 169\u2013208 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2016958","volume":"28","author":"MK Garvin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garvin, M. K. et al. Automated 3-D intraretinal layer segmentation of macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 28, 1436\u20131447 (2009).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2047023","volume":"29","author":"G Quellec","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quellec, G. et al. Three-dimensional analysis of retinal layer texture: identification of fluid-filled regions in SD-OCT of the macula. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 29, 1321\u20131330 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2012.2191302","volume":"31","author":"X Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Three-dimensional segmentation of fluid-associated abnormalities in retinal OCT: probability constrained graph-search-graph-cut. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 31, 1521\u20131531 (2012).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, F. et al. Automated 3-D Retinal Layer Segmentation of Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Images with Serous Pigment Epithelial Detachments. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 10.1109\/TMI.2014.2359980 (2014) [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2014.2359980"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR23","unstructured":"Kolb, H. Simple Anatomy of the Retina, &lt;http:\/\/webvision.med.utah.edu\/book\/part-i-foundations\/simple-anatomy-of-the-retina\/&gt; (2013). Date of access: 21\/01\/2015."},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2008.06.014","volume":"87","author":"N Goldenberg-Cohen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldenberg-Cohen, N. et al. Molecular and histological changes following central retinal artery occlusion in a mouse model. Exp Eye Res 87, 327\u2013333 (2008).","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000048","volume":"34","author":"S Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu, S., Wang, F., Pang, C. E., Yannuzzi, L. A. & Freund, K. B. Multimodal Imaging Findings in Retinal Deep Capillary Ischemia. Retina 34, 636\u2013646 (2014).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1965.00970030824013","volume":"73","author":"LE Zimmerman","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zimmerman, L. E. Embolism of Central Retinal Artery; Secondary to Myocardial Infarction with Mural Thrombosis. Arch Ophthalmol 73, 822\u2013826 (1965).","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.39196","volume":"54","author":"JC Suvarna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suvarna, J. C. & Hajela, S. A. Cherry-red spot. J Postgrad Med 54, 54\u201357 (2008).","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8042","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10083","volume":"53","author":"X Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Quantification of external limiting membrane disruption caused by diabetic macular edema from SD-OCT. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53, 8042\u20138048 (2012).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.054","volume":"114","author":"I Kozak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kozak, I., Bartsch, D. U., Cheng, L. & Freeman, W. R. Hyperreflective sign in resolved cotton wool spots using high-resolution optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography ophthalmoscopy. Ophthalmology 114, 537\u2013543 (2007).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1159\/000094627","volume":"220","author":"CH Meyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meyer, C. H., Callizo, J., Schmidt, J. C. & Mennel, S. Functional and anatomical findings in acute Purtscher's retinopathy. Ophthalmologica 220, 343\u2013346 (2006).","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S2080","volume":"2","author":"J Olson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olson, J., Rouhani, B. & Mandava, N. Sub-Tenon's triamcinolone for post-partum Purtscher's-like retinopathy. Clin Ophthalmol 2, 195\u2013198 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep09269_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6846","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12062","volume":"54","author":"X Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Quantitative analysis of retinal layer optical intensities on three-dimensional optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54, 6846\u20136851 (2013).","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep09269","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep09269.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep09269.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:38:48Z","timestamp":1672965528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep09269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep09269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep09269","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9269"}}