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Urinary proteins are affected by many factors; therefore, differentiating between the variables associated with any particular pathophysiological condition in clinical samples is challenging. To circumvent these problems, simpler systems, such as animal models, should be used to establish a direct relationship between disease progression and urine changes. In this study, a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model was used to observe tubular injury and the eventual development of renal fibrosis, as well as to identify differential urinary proteins in this process. Urine samples were collected from the residuary ureter linked to the kidney at 1 and 3 weeks after UUO. Five hundred proteins were identified and quantified by LC-MS\/MS, out of which 7 and 19 significantly changed in the UUO 1- and 3-week groups, respectively, compared with the sham-operation group. Validation by western blot showed increased levels of Alpha-actinin-1 and Moesin in the UUO 1-week group, indicating that they may serve as candidate biomarkers of renal tubular injury and significantly increased levels of Vimentin, Annexin A1 and Clusterin in the UUO 3-week group, indicating that they may serve as candidate biomarkers of interstitial fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]],"date-time":"2015-03-20T14:12:29Z","timestamp":1426860749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Urinary candidate biomarker discovery in a rat unilateral ureteral obstruction model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanshuang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianqiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youhe","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep09314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-013-4574-1","volume":"56","author":"Y Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao, Y. 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