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In optical nerve transection (ONT) model in the retina, the retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) induces microglial activations to a unique morphology termed \u201crod\u201d microglia. A few studies described the \u201crod\u201d microglia in the cortex and retina; however, the function and origin of \u201crod\u201d microglia are largely unknown. In the present study, we firstly studied the temporal appearance of \u201crod\u201d microglia after ONT and found the \u201crod\u201d microglia emerge at approximately 7 days after ONT and peak during 14 to 21 days. Interestingly, the number of \u201crod\u201d microglia remarkably decays after 6 weeks. Secondly, the \u201crod\u201d microglia eliminate the degenerating RGC debris by phagocytosis. Moreover, we found the major source of \u201crod\u201d microgliosis is local proliferation rather than the infiltration of peripheral monocytes\/hematopoietic stem cells. We for the first time described the appearance of \u201crod\u201d retinal microglia following optic nerve transection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep10788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T13:51:19Z","timestamp":1433253079000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Local proliferation is the main source of rod microglia after optic nerve transection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ti-Fei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Xiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwok-Fai","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep10788_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30763","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030763","volume":"7","author":"RA Jonas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jonas, R. 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