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At the 12q24 locus, the Proteasome-Modulator 9 (<jats:italic>PSMD9)<\/jats:italic>single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs74421874 [<jats:italic>intervening sequence<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>IVS<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic>3+nt460-G&gt;A<\/jats:italic>], rs3825172 (<jats:italic>IVS3+nt437-C&gt;T<\/jats:italic>) and rs14259 (<jats:italic>E197G-A&gt;G<\/jats:italic>) are linked to: T2D, depression, anxiety, maturity-onset-diabetes-of the young 3\/MODY3, obesity, waist circumference, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, T2D-macrovascular disease, T2D-microvascular disease, T2D-neuropathy, T2D-carpal-tunnel syndrome, T2D-nephropathy, T2D-retinopathy and non-diabetic retinopathy.<jats:italic>PSMD9 SNP<\/jats:italic>rs1043307\/rs14259 (<jats:italic>E197G-A&gt;G<\/jats:italic>) plays a role in anti-depressant therapy response, depression and schizophrenia. We aimed at determining<jats:italic>PSMD9<\/jats:italic>rs74421874\/rs3825172\/rs14259 SNPs potential linkage to primary insomnia and sleep hours in T2D families. We recruited 200 Italian T2D families phenotyping them for primary insomnia and sleep hours per night.<jats:italic>PSMD9<\/jats:italic>-T2D-risk SNPs rs74421874\/rs3825172 and rs1043307\/rs14259 were tested for linkage with insomnia and sleep hours. Non-parametric-linkage analysis, linkage-disequilibrium-model analysis, single-SNP analysis, cluster-based-parametric analysis, quantitative-trait and variant-component analysis were performed using Merlin software. To validate data, 1000 replicates were executed for the significant non-parametric data.<jats:italic>PSMD9<\/jats:italic>rs74421874 (<jats:italic>IVS3+nt460-G&gt;A<\/jats:italic>), rs3825172 (<jats:italic>IVS3+nt437-C&gt;T<\/jats:italic>) and rs1043307\/rs14259 (<jats:italic>E197G-A&gt;G<\/jats:italic>) SNPs are linked to insomnia in our Italian families.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]],"date-time":"2015-07-13T09:17:09Z","timestamp":1436779029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["T2D and Depression Risk Gene Proteasome Modulator 9 is Linked to Insomnia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Gragnoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep12032_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(08)70013-3","volume":"9 Suppl 1","author":"E Van Cauter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Cauter, E., Spiegel, K., Tasali, E. & Leproult, R. 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