{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:27:17Z","timestamp":1790616437032,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]],"date-time":"2015-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]],"date-time":"2015-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we developed a novel and facile method to control the local water adhesion force of a thin and stretchable superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with micro-pillar arrays that allows the individual manipulation of droplet motions including moving, merging and mixing. When a vacuum pressure was applied below the PDMS substrate, a local dimple structure was formed and the water adhesion force of structure was significantly changed owing to the dynamically varied pillar density. With the help of the lowered water adhesion force and the slope angle of the formed dimple structure, the motion of individual water droplets could be precisely controlled, which facilitated the creation of a droplet-based microfluidic platform capable of a programmable manipulation of droplets. We showed that the platform could be used in newer and emerging microfluidic operations such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with extremely high sensing capability (10<jats:sup>\u221215<\/jats:sup>\u2009M) and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> small interfering RNA transfection with enhanced transfection efficiency of ~80%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]],"date-time":"2015-07-23T10:53:37Z","timestamp":1437648817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Path-programmable water droplet manipulations on an adhesion controlled superhydrophobic surface"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jungmok","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seoung-Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaehong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung","family":"Seung Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyukho","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Woo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hyun","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taeyoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/442367a","volume":"442","author":"R Daw","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daw, R. & Finkelstein, J. Lab on a chip. Nature 442, 367\u2013367 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05062","volume":"442","author":"AJ deMello","year":"2006","unstructured":"deMello, A. J. Control and detection of chemical reactions in microfluidic systems. Nature 442, 394\u2013402 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05063","volume":"442","author":"J El-Ali","year":"2006","unstructured":"El-Ali, J., Sorger, P. K. & Jensen, K. F. Cells on chips. Nature 442, 403\u2013411 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05064","volume":"442","author":"P Yager","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yager, P. et al. Microfluidic diagnostic technologies for global public health. Nature 442, 412\u2013418 (2006).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-anchem-062011-143028","volume":"5","author":"K Choi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Choi, K., Ng, A. H. C., Fobel, R. & Wheeler, A. R. Digital Microfluidics. Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 5, 413\u2013440 (2012).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200802244","volume":"21","author":"M Abdelgawad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abdelgawad, M. & Wheeler, A. R. The Digital Revolution: A New Paradigm for Microfluidics. Adv. Mat. 21, 920\u2013925 (2009).","journal-title":"Adv. Mat."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-007-0161-8","volume":"3","author":"RB Fair","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fair, R. B. Digital microfluidics: is a true lab-on-a-chip possible? Microfluid Nanofluid 3, 245\u2013281 (2007).","journal-title":"Microfluid Nanofluid"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.11.22","volume":"11","author":"MG Pollack","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pollack, M. G., Pamula, V. K., Srinivasan, V. & Eckhardt, A. E. Applications of electrowetting-based digital microfluidics in clinical diagnostics. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 11, 393\u2013407 (2011).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2010.06.187","volume":"14","author":"MJ Jebrail","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jebrail, M. J. & Wheeler, A. R. Let\u2019s get digital: digitizing chemical biology with microfluidics. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 14, 574\u2013581 (2010).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03831","volume":"436","author":"PY Chiou","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chiou, P. Y., Ohta, A. T. & Wu, M. C. Massively parallel manipulation of single cells and microparticles using optical images. Nature 436, 370\u2013372 (2005).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc40596b","volume":"12","author":"D Baigl","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baigl, D. Photo-actuation of liquids for light-driven microfluidics: state of the art and perspectives. Lab Chip 12, 3637\u20133653 (2012).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1021\/ja065537c","volume":"129","author":"X Hong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hong, X., Gao, X. & Jiang, L. Application of superhydrophobic surface with high adhesive force in no lost transport of superparamagnetic microdroplet. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 1478\u20131479 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041604","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4891439","volume":"105","author":"KS Khalil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khalil, K. S., Mahmoudi, S. R., Abu-dheir, N. & Varanasi, K. K. Active surfaces: ferrofluid-impregnated surfaces for active manipulation of droplets. Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 041604 (2014).","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3398","volume":"4","author":"JVI Timonen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Timonen, J. V. I., Latikka, M., Ikkala, O. & Ras, R. H. A. Free-decay and resonant methods for investigating the fundamental limit of superhydrophobicity. Nat. Commun. 4, 2398 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201300383","volume":"25","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. & Wang, T.-H. Full-range magnetic manipulation of droplets via surface energy traps enables complex bioassays. Adv. Mat. 25, 2903\u20132908 (2013).","journal-title":"Adv. Mat"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1039\/c2lc41060e","volume":"13","author":"H Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou, H. & Yao, S. Electrostatic charging and control of droplets in microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 13, 962\u2013969 (2013).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR17","first-page":"2417","volume":"38","author":"G Masahide","year":"2005","unstructured":"Masahide, G. & Masao, W. Self-propulsion of a water droplet in an electric field. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 38, 2417\u20132423 (2005).","journal-title":"Phys"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1039\/b816535a","volume":"9","author":"S-K Fan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fan, S.-K., Hsieh, T.-H. & Lin, D.-Y. General digital microfluidic platform manipulating dielectric and conductive droplets by dielectrophoresis and electrowetting. Lab Chip 9, 1236\u20131242 (2009).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1021\/ar040224c","volume":"38","author":"T Sun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sun, T., Feng, L., Gao, X. & Jiang, L. Bioinspired surfaces with special wettability. Acc. Chem. Res. 38, 644\u2013652 (2005).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H57","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201004326","volume":"23","author":"T Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun, T. & Qing, G. Biomimetic smart interface materials for biological applications. Adv. Mat. 23, H57\u201377 (2011).","journal-title":"Adv. Mat"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2864","volume":"9","author":"NA Malvadkar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malvadkar, N. A., Hancock, M. J., Sekeroglu, K., Dressick, W. J. & Demirel, M. C. An engineered anisotropic nanofilm with unidirectional wetting properties. Nat. Mater. 9, 1023\u20131028 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4254","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200900903","volume":"21","author":"C Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. Reversible switching of water-droplet mobility on a superhydrophobic surface based on a phase transition of a side-chain liquid-crystal polymer. Adv. Mat. 21, 4254\u20134258 (2009).","journal-title":"Adv. Mat"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201101922","volume":"22","author":"C Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. In situ fully light\u2010driven switching of superhydrophobic adhesion. Adv. Func. Mat. 22, 760\u2013763 (2012).","journal-title":"Adv. Func. Mat"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201300979","volume":"25","author":"J Seo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seo, J. et al. Gas\u2010driven ultrafast reversible switching of super\u2010hydrophobic adhesion on palladium\u2010coated silicon nanowires. Adv. Mat. 25, 4139\u20134144 (2013).","journal-title":"Adv. Mat"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7043","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201402273","volume":"26","author":"J Seo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seo, J. et al. Switchable water-adhesive, superhydrophobic palladium-layered silicon nanowires potentiate the angiogenic efficacy of human stem cell spheroids. Adv. Mat. 26, 7043\u20137050 (2014).","journal-title":"Adv. Mat"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201001688","volume":"23","author":"D Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu, D. et al. Curvature-driven reversible in situ switching between pinned and roll-down superhydrophobic states for water droplet transportation. Adv. Mat. 23, 545\u2013549 (2011).","journal-title":"Adv. Mat"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1039\/b819999j","volume":"9","author":"SA Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee, S. A., Chung, S. E., Park, W., Lee, S. H. & Kwon, S. Three-dimensional fabrication of heterogeneous microstructures using soft membrane deformation and optofluidic maskless lithography. Lab Chip 9, 1670\u20131675 (2009).","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2010.2049984","volume":"19","author":"S-H Yoon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoon, S.-H., Reyes-Ortiz, V., Kwang-Ho, K., Young Ho, S. & Mofrad, M. R. K. Analysis of circular PDMS microballoons with ultralarge deflection for MEMS design. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 19, 854\u2013864 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Microelectromech. Syst"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1039\/tf9444000546","volume":"40","author":"ABD Cassie","year":"1944","unstructured":"Cassie, A. B. D. & Baxter, S. Wettability of porous surfaces. Trans. Faraday. Soc. 40, 546\u2013551 (1944).","journal-title":"Trans. Faraday. Soc"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12851","DOI":"10.1021\/la902430w","volume":"25","author":"TS Wong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wong, T. S. & Ho, C. M. Dependence of macroscopic wetting on nanoscopic surface textures. Langmuir 25, 12851\u201312854 (2009).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7991","DOI":"10.1021\/la025769z","volume":"18","author":"CW Extrand","year":"2002","unstructured":"Extrand, C. W. Model for contact angles and hysteresis on rough and ultraphobic surfaces. Langmuir 18, 7991\u20137999 (2002).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1021\/la062596v","volume":"23","author":"C Dorrer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dorrer, C. & R\u00fche, J. Contact line shape on ultrahydrophobic post surfaces. Langmuir 23, 3179\u20133183 (2007).","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200800337","volume":"4","author":"H Ko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ko, H., Singamaneni, S. & Tsukruk, V. V. Nanostructured surfaces and assemblies as SERS media. Small 4, 1576\u20131599 (2008).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9053","DOI":"10.1021\/am5000382","volume":"6","author":"J Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. Capillary force-induced glue-free printing of Ag nanoparticle arrays for highly sensitive SERS substrates. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 6, 9053\u20139060 (2014).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2011.222","volume":"5","author":"F De Angelis","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Angelis, F. et al. Breaking the diffusion limit with super-hydrophobic delivery of molecules to plasmonic nanofocusing SERS structures. Nat. Photon. 5, 682\u2013687 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Photon"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1402","volume":"26","author":"A Akinc","year":"2008","unstructured":"Akinc, A. et al. A combinatorial library of lipid-like materials for delivery of RNAi therapeutics. Nat. Biotechnol. 26, 561\u2013569 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03121","volume":"432","author":"J Soutschek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Soutschek, J. et al. Therapeutic silencing of an endogenous gene by systemic administration of modified siRNAs. Nature 432, 173\u2013178 (2004).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1223","volume":"24","author":"JO McNamara","year":"2006","unstructured":"McNamara, J. O. et al. Cell type\u2013specific delivery of siRNAs with aptamer-siRNA chimeras. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 1005\u20131015 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1021\/ar7002336","volume":"41","author":"JJ Green","year":"2008","unstructured":"Green, J. J., Langer, R. & Anderson, D. G. A combinatorial polymer library approach yields insight into nonviral gene delivery. Acc. Chem. Res. 41, 749\u2013759 (2008).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1021\/ar200151m","volume":"45","author":"X Guo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guo, X. & Huang, L. Recent advances in nonviral vectors for gene delivery. Acc. Chem. Res. 45, 971\u2013979 (2011).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10761","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0015388","volume":"122","author":"DM Lynn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lynn, D. M. & Langer, R. Degradable poly (\u03b2-amino esters): synthesis, characterization and self-assembly with plasmid DNA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 10761\u201310768 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.03.007","volume":"58","author":"TG Park","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park, T. G., Jeong, J. H. & Kim, S. W. Current status of polymeric gene delivery systems. Adv. Drug. Deliver. Rev. 58, 467\u2013486 (2006).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug. Deliver. Rev"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007548826495","volume":"17","author":"SC De Smedt","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Smedt, S. C., Demeester, J. & Hennink, W. E. Cationic polymer based gene delivery systems. Pharm. Res. 17, 113\u2013126 (2000).","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11915","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805434105","volume":"105","author":"M Frank-Kamenetsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frank-Kamenetsky, M. et al. Therapeutic RNAi targeting PCSK9 acutely lowers plasma cholesterol in rodents and LDL cholesterol in nonhuman primates. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 11915\u201311920 (2008).","journal-title":"Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5277","volume":"5","author":"KA Whitehead","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whitehead, K. A. et al. Degradable lipid nanoparticles with predictable in vivo siRNA delivery activity. Nat. Commun. 5, 4277 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910603106","volume":"107","author":"KT Love","year":"2010","unstructured":"Love, K. T. et al. Lipid-like materials for low-dose, in vivo gene silencing. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 1864\u20131869 (2010).","journal-title":"Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR47","first-page":"E797","volume":"109","author":"DN Nguyen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nguyen, D. N. et al. Lipid-derived nanoparticles for immunostimulatory RNA adjuvant delivery. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, E797\u2013E803 (2012).","journal-title":"Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3112","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200900519","volume":"19","author":"SW Cho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cho, S. W. et al. Lipid\u2010Like Nanoparticles for Small Interfering RNA Delivery to Endothelial Cells. Adv. Func. Mat. 19, 3112\u20133118 (2009).","journal-title":"Adv. Func. Mat"},{"key":"BFsrep12326_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1039\/B714072J","volume":"18","author":"KE Korte","year":"2008","unstructured":"Korte, K. E., Skrabalak, S. E. & Xia, Y. Rapid synthesis of silver nanowires through a CuCl- or CuCl2-mediated polyol process. J. Mater. Chem. 18, 437\u2013441 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep12326.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep12326","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep12326.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T14:33:11Z","timestamp":1672929191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep12326"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep12326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep12326","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12326"}}