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As previously demonstrated, the 12th century BCE Philistine migration\u2013to the southern Levantine littoral, involved the transportation of pigs from Europe, engendering long term genetic displacement of local Near Eastern haplotypes. Building on this and combining biogeographical methods of Floral List comparisons with archaeological data, we have elucidated the Philistine impact on Southern Levantine floral ecosystems. We demonstrate that previously unexploited local plants were incorporated into the Philistine milieu and new species were introduced\u2013from Europe, the Aegean, Egypt and Mesopotamia \u2013resulting in the earliest locally cultivated sycamore, cumin, coriander, bay tree and opium poppy. This research has highlighted the impact of past cultures on the formation of floral ecosystems and their long-term effects on contemporary local biological diversity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]],"date-time":"2015-08-25T12:04:26Z","timestamp":1440504266000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Studying Ancient Anthropogenic Impacts on Current Floral Biodiversity in the Southern Levant as reflected by the Philistine Migration"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Suembikya","family":"Frumin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aren M.","family":"Maeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liora","family":"Kolska Horwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehud","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep13308_CR1","unstructured":"Crosby, L. 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