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However, the cytokine background associated with these disorders and whether it differs between ocular adnexal MZLs with (IgG4-associated MZL) and without (IgG4-negative MZL) numerous IgG4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> plasma cells are unknown. In this study, we identified the mRNA expression pattern of Th2 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) cytokines in IgG4-RD and in IgG4-associated MZL and IgG4-negative MZL using real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Ocular IgG4-RD and IgG4-associated MZL exhibited significantly higher expression ratios of interleukin (IL)-4\/\u03b2-actin, IL-10\/\u03b2-actin, IL-13\/\u03b2-actin, transforming growth factor (TGF) \u03b21\/\u03b2-actin and FOXP3\/\u03b2-actin than did IgG4-negative MZL (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). This finding further supports our prior observations that a significant subset of ocular MZLs arises in the setting of IgG4-RD. Furthermore, the presence of a different inflammatory background in IgG4-negative MZLs suggests that IgG4-associated MZLs may have a different pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]],"date-time":"2015-08-27T09:56:15Z","timestamp":1440669375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A subset of ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphomas may arise in association with IgG4-related disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kyotaro","family":"Ohno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koh-ichi","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuyoshi","family":"Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Miyata-Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Gion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyasu","family":"Tachibana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yorihisa","family":"Orita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Swerdlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep13539_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.2008.02257.x","volume":"58","author":"Y Sato","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sato, Y. et al. 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