{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:14:24Z","timestamp":1788261264325,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Langat virus (LGTV), one of the members of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) complex, was firstly isolated from Ixodes granulatus ticks in Malaysia. However, the prevalence of LGTV in ticks in the region remains unknown. Surveillance for LGTV is therefore important and thus a tool for specific detection of LGTV is needed. In the present study, we developed a real-time quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for rapid detection of LGTV. Our findings showed that the developed qRT-PCR could detect LGTV at a titre as low as 0.1 FFU\/ml. The detection limit of the qRT-PCR assay at 95% probability was 0.28 FFU\/ml as determined by probit analysis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.05). Besides, the designed primers and probe did not amplify ORF of the E genes for some closely related and more pathogenic viruses including TBEV, Louping ill virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV), Alkhurma virus (ALKV), Kyasanur Forest Disease virus (KFDV) and Powassan virus (POWV) which showed the acceptable specificity of the developed assay. The sensitivity of the developed method also has been confirmed by determining the LGTV in infected tick cell line as well as LGTV- spiked tick tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T10:16:52Z","timestamp":1441966612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Detection of Langat virus by TaqMan real-time one-step qRT-PCR method"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Siti Fatimah","family":"Muhd Radzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"R\u00fcckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sing-Sin","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boon-Teong","family":"Teoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pui-Fong","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai-Hong","family":"Phoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sazaly","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keivan","family":"Zandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.44.100190.003245","volume":"44","author":"TJ Chambers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Chambers, T. J., Hahn, C. S., Gailer, R. & Rice, C. M. Flavivirus genome organization,expression and replication. Annu Rev Microbiol. 44, 649\u2013688 (1990).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/178581a0","volume":"178","author":"CG Smith","year":"1956","unstructured":"Smith, C. G. A virus resembling Russian spring\u2013summer encephalitis virus from an Ixodid tick in Malaya. Nature 178, 581\u2013582 (1956).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.500","volume":"25","author":"WH Bancroft","year":"1976","unstructured":"Bancroft, W. H., Scott, R., Snitbhan, R., Weaver, Jr. R. & Gould, D. J. Isolation of Langat virus from Haemaphysalis papuanaThorell in Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 25, 500\u2013504 (1976).","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR4","first-page":"403","volume":"48","author":"J Seamer","year":"1967","unstructured":"Seamer, J. & Randles, W. The course of Langat virus infection in mice. Br J Exp Pathol. 48, 403 (1967).","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400041218","volume":"66","author":"H Webb","year":"1968","unstructured":"Webb, H., Wight, D., Platt, G. & Smith, C. Langat virus encephalitis in mice I. The effect of the administration of specific antiserum. J Hyg (Lond) 66, 343\u2013354 (1968).","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR6","first-page":"29","volume":"54","author":"I Zlotnik","year":"1973","unstructured":"Zlotnik, I., Grant, D., Carter, G. & Batter-Hatton, D. Subacute sclerosing encephalitis in adult hamsters infected with Langat virus. Br J Exp Pathol. 54, 29 (1973).","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR7","first-page":"49","volume":"57","author":"I Zlotnik","year":"1976","unstructured":"Zlotnik, I. & Grant, D. Further observations on subacute sclerosing encephalitis in adult hamsters: the effects of intranasal infections with Langat virus, measles virus and SSPE-measles virus. Br J Exp Pathol. 57, 49 (1976).","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5482.258","volume":"1","author":"H Webb","year":"1966","unstructured":"Webb, H., Wetherley-Mein, G., Smith, C. G. & McMahon, D. Leukaemia and neoplastic processes treated with Langat and Kyasanur Forest disease viruses: a clinical and laboratory study of 28 patients. Br Med J 1, 258\u2013266 (1966).","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00206-1","volume":"57","author":"T Gritsun","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gritsun, T., Lashkevich, V. & Gould, E. Tick-borne encephalitis. Antiviral Res. 57, 129\u2013146 (2003).","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0426","volume":"274","author":"AG Pletnev","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pletnev, A. G., Karganova, G. G., Dzhivanyan, T. I., Lashkevich, V. A. & Bray, M. Chimeric Langat\/Dengue viruses protect mice from heterologous challenge with the highly virulent strains of tick-borne encephalitis virus. Virology. 274, 26\u201331 (2000).","journal-title":"Virology."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(93)90058-Y","volume":"44","author":"J Campbell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Campbell, J., Iacono-Connors, L., Walz, S. & Schultz, W. The Langat model for tick-borne encephalitis virus. Specific detection by RT-PCR. J Virol Methods 44, 235\u2013240 (1993).","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-5-1049","volume":"78","author":"CW Mandl","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mandl, C. W., Ecker, M., Holzmann, H., Kunz, C. & Heinz, F. X. Infectious cDNA clones of tick-borne encephalitis virus European subtype prototypic strain Neudoerfl and high virulence strain Hypr. J Gen Virol. 78, 1049\u20131057 (1997).","journal-title":"J Gen Virol."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.01022.x","volume":"10","author":"RN Charrel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Charrel, R. N. et al. Tick\u2010borne virus diseases of human interest in Europe. Clin Microbiol Infect. 10, 1040\u20131055 (2004).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2014.04.001","volume":"5","author":"R Lani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lani, R. et al. Tick-borne viruses: A review from the perspective of therapeutic approaches. Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 5, 457\u2013465 (2014).","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep14007_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.4876","volume":"25","author":"JD Thompson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 25, 4876\u20134882 (1997).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep14007","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep14007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep14007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T23:59:43Z","timestamp":1672963183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep14007"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep14007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep14007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 March 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 September 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14007"}}