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In addition, V\u03b42 T cell infiltration in the kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis was examined. The results showed that the percentage of peripheral V\u03b42 T cells in new-onset SLE was decreased and negatively correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index score and the severity of proteinuria. These cells had a decreased apoptosis but an increased proliferation and they showed increased accumulation in SLE kidneys. Moreover, IL-21 production and CD40L, CCR4, CCR7, CCR8, CXCR1 and CX3CR1 expression in V\u03b42 T cells from SLE patients was significantly higher than from HC (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and these factors were downregulated in association with the repopulation of peripheral V\u03b42 T cells in patients who were in remission (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, anti-TCR V\u03b42 antibodies activation significantly upregulated these chemokine receptors on V\u03b42 T cells from HC and this effect was blocked by inhibitors of PLC-\u03b31, MAPK\/Erk and PI3K signaling pathways. Our findings demonstrate that the distribution and function status of V\u03b42 T cells from SLE patients are abnormal and these aberrations may contribute to disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,23]],"date-time":"2015-09-23T08:49:51Z","timestamp":1442998191000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Hyperactivation and in situ recruitment of inflammatory V\u03b42 T cells contributes to disease pathogenesis in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linfang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxiu","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep14432_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.003225","volume":"11","author":"W Haas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Haas, W., Pereira, P. & Tonegawa, S. 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