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We recently found H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub> in the brain. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub> induced some responses previously attributed to H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S but with much greater potency than H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S. However, the number of sulfur atoms in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub> and its producing enzyme were unknown. Here, we detected H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, which were produced from 3-mercaptopyruvate (3 MP) by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST), in the brain. High performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FL) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) analyses showed that H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S were produced from 3 MP in the brain cells of wild-type mice but not 3MST knockout (3MST-KO) mice. Purified recombinant 3MST and lysates of COS cells expressing 3MST produced H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> from 3 MP, while those expressing defective 3MST mutants did not. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was localized in the cytosol of cells. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was also produced from H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S by 3MST and rhodanese. H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was identified as a minor H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>n<\/jats:sub> and 3 MP did not affect the H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> level. The present study provides new insights into the physiology of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, as well as novel therapeutic targets for diseases in which these molecules are involved.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T09:28:10Z","timestamp":1444123690000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":203,"title":["Identification of H2S3 and H2S produced by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase in the brain"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yuka","family":"Kimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Toyofuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Shibuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Nagahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Ogasawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep14774_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-03-01066.1996","volume":"16","author":"K Abe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abe, K. & Kimura, H. 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