{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:05:53Z","timestamp":1774670753187,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Notch signaling plays an important role in regulation of innate immune responses and trophoblast function during pregnancy. To identify the role of Notch signaling in preterm labor, Notch receptors (Notch1-4), its ligands (DLL (Delta-like protein)-1\/3\/4), Jagged 1\/2) and Notch-induced transcription factor Hes1 were assessed during preterm labor. Preterm labor was initiated on gestation day 14.5 by intrauterine (IU) injection of peptidoglycan (PGN) and polyinosinic:cytidylic acid (poly(I:C). Notch1, Notch2, Notch4, DLL-1 and nuclear localization of Hes1 were significantly elevated in uterus and placenta during PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm labor. <jats:italic>Ex vivo<\/jats:italic>, Gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) (inhibitor of Notch receptor processing) significantly diminished the PGN+poly(I:C)-induced secretion of M1- and M2-associated cytokines in decidual macrophages and of proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6) and chemokines (MIP-1\u03b2) in decidual and placental cells. Conversely, angiogenesis factors including Notch ligands Jagged 1\/2 and DLL-4 and VEGF were significantly reduced in uterus and placenta during PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm labor. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> GSI treatment prevents PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm delivery by 55.5% and increased the number of live fetuses <jats:italic>in-utero<\/jats:italic> significantly compared to respective controls 48\u2009hrs after injections. In summary, Notch signaling is activated during PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm labor, resulting in upregulation of pro-inflammatory responses and its inhibition improves <jats:italic>in-utero<\/jats:italic> survival of live fetuses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T09:34:07Z","timestamp":1444988047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Notch Signaling in Inflammation-Induced Preterm Labor"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mukesh K.","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varkha","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahithi","family":"Pamarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gajendra K.","family":"Katara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arpita","family":"Kulshrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Gilman-Sachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Beaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmet","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6208","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.310375","volume":"287","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. Notch signal suppresses Toll-like receptor-triggered inflammatory responses in macrophages by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2-mediated nuclear factor kappaB activation. J Biol Chem 287, 6208\u201317 (2012).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/74651","volume":"6","author":"P Carmeliet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Carmeliet, P. Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Nat Med 6, 389\u201395 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.4593","volume":"9","author":"WX Zhao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhao, W. X. & Lin, J. H. Notch signaling pathway and human placenta. Int J Med Sci 9, 447\u201352 (2012).","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2987","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.066589","volume":"138","author":"NM Hunkapiller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hunkapiller, N. M. et al. A role for Notch signaling in trophoblast endovascular invasion and in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Development 138, 2987\u201398 (2011).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200636999","volume":"38","author":"T Palaga","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palaga, T. et al. Notch signaling is activated by TLR stimulation and regulates macrophage functions. Eur J Immunol 38, 174\u201383 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5023","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001544","volume":"185","author":"J Foldi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Foldi, J. et al. Autoamplification of Notch signaling in macrophages by TLR-induced and RBP-J-dependent induction of Jagged1. J Immunol 185, 5023\u201331 (2010).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4840","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-0269","volume":"70","author":"YC Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang, Y. C. et al. Notch signaling determines the M1 versus M2 polarization of macrophages in antitumor immune responses. Cancer Res 70, 4840\u20139 (2010).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2010.08.006","volume":"18","author":"L Espinosa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Espinosa, L. et al. The Notch\/Hes1 pathway sustains NF-kappaB activation through CYLD repression in T cell leukemia. Cancer Cell 18, 268\u201381 (2010).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-18-56","volume":"18","author":"PN Tsao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tsao, P. N. et al. Lipopolysaccharide-induced Notch signaling activation through JNK-dependent pathway regulates inflammatory response. J Biomed Sci 18, 56 (2011).","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.08.016","volume":"29","author":"X Hu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hu, X. et al. Integrated regulation of Toll-like receptor responses by Notch and interferon-gamma pathways. Immunity 29, 691\u2013703 (2008).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20072200","volume":"205","author":"M Okamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Okamoto, M. et al. Essential role of Notch signaling in effector memory CD8+T cell-mediated airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. J Exp Med 205, 1087\u201397 (2008).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4252","volume":"13","author":"ER Andersson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andersson, E. R. & Lendahl, U. Therapeutic modulation of Notch signalling\u2013are we there yet? Nat Rev Drug Discov 13, 357\u201378 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.11-184663","volume":"26","author":"Y Afshar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Afshar, Y. et al. Notch1 mediates uterine stromal differentiation and is critical for complete decidualization in the mouse. FASEB J 26, 282\u201394 (2012).","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-2122","volume":"153","author":"Y Afshar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Afshar, Y., Miele, L. & Fazleabas, A. T. Notch1 is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone in endometrial stromal cells and modulates decidualization in primates. Endocrinology 153, 2884\u201396 (2012).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E433","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3720","volume":"100","author":"RW Su","year":"2015","unstructured":"Su, R. W. et al. Decreased Notch pathway signaling in the endometrium of women with endometriosis impairs decidualization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100, E433\u201342 (2015).","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2009.10.006","volume":"113","author":"Z Sahin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sahin, Z., Acar, N., Ozbey, O., Ustunel, I. & Demir, R. Distribution of Notch family proteins in intrauterine growth restriction and hypertension complicated human term placentas. Acta Histochem 113, 270\u20136 (2011).","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2011.09.001","volume":"17","author":"V Agrawal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Agrawal, V. & Hirsch, E. Intrauterine infection and preterm labor. Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine 17, 12\u201319 (2011).","journal-title":"Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","volume":"379","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blencowe, H. et al. National, regional and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet 379, 2162\u201372 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63990","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063990","volume":"8","author":"V Agrawal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Agrawal, V., Smart, K., Jilling, T. & Hirsch, E. Surfactant protein (SP)-A suppresses preterm delivery and inflammation via TLR2. PloS one 8, e63990 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719107302959","volume":"14","author":"V Ilievski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ilievski, V., Lu, S. J. & Hirsch, E. Activation of toll-like receptors 2 or 3 and preterm delivery in the mouse. Reprod Sci 14, 315\u201320 (2007).","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000289","volume":"185","author":"I Cardenas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cardenas, I. et al. Viral infection of the placenta leads to fetal inflammation and sensitization to bacterial products predisposing to preterm labor. J of Immunol 185, 1248\u201357 (2010).","journal-title":"J of Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00908.x","volume":"65","author":"I Cardenas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cardenas, I. et al. Placental viral infection sensitizes to endotoxin-induced pre-term labor: a double hit hypothesis. Am J Reprod Immunol 65, 110\u20137 (2011).","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.085464","volume":"83","author":"V Ilievski","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ilievski, V. & Hirsch, E. Synergy between viral and bacterial toll-like receptors leads to amplification of inflammatory responses and preterm labor in the mouse. Biol Reprod 83, 767\u201373 (2010).","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5702","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301604","volume":"191","author":"MK Jaiswal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaiswal, M. K. et al. Regulation of apoptosis and innate immune stimuli in inflammation-induced preterm labor. J Immunol 191, 5702\u201313 (2013).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003057","volume":"9","author":"AA Bosch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bosch, A. A., Biesbroek, G., Trzcinski, K., Sanders, E. A. & Bogaert, D. Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract. PLoS Pathog 9, e1003057 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2038","volume":"7","author":"G Trinchieri","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trinchieri, G. & Sher, A. Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence. Nat Rev Immunol 7, 179\u201390 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411223200","volume":"280","author":"E Aksoy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aksoy, E. et al. Double-stranded RNAs from the helminth parasite Schistosoma activate TLR3 in dendritic cells. The Journal of biological chemistry 280, 277\u201383 (2005).","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7370","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306793200","volume":"279","author":"JS Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park, J. S. et al. Involvement of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cellular activation by high mobility group box 1 protein. The Journal of biological chemistry 279, 7370\u20137 (2004).","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.5.2887","volume":"167","author":"ST Smiley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smiley, S. T., King, J. A. & Hancock, W. W. Fibrinogen stimulates macrophage chemokine secretion through toll-like receptor 4. Journal of immunology 167, 2887\u201394 (2001).","journal-title":"Journal of immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.04.024","volume":"179","author":"JM Gonzalez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gonzalez, J. M., Franzke, C. W., Yang, F., Romero, R. & Girardi, G. Complement activation triggers metalloproteinases release inducing cervical remodeling and preterm birth in mice. Am J Pathol 179, 838\u201349 (2011).","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523214666141224100319","volume":"15","author":"G Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu, G., Wilson, G., George, J. & Qiao, L. Modulation of Notch signaling as a therapeutic approach for liver cancer. Curr Gene Ther 15, 171\u201381 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr Gene Ther"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838722","volume":"39","author":"E Monsalve","year":"2009","unstructured":"Monsalve, E. et al. Notch1 upregulates LPS-induced macrophage activation by increasing NF-kappaB activity. Eur J Immunol 39, 2556\u201370 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5132","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2008.227","volume":"27","author":"J Dufraine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dufraine, J., Funahashi, Y. & Kitajewski, J. Notch signaling regulates tumor angiogenesis by diverse mechanisms. Oncogene 27, 5132\u20137 (2008).","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod64.4.1033","volume":"64","author":"LP Reynolds","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reynolds, L. P. & Redmer, D. A. Angiogenesis in the placenta. Biol Reprod 64, 1033\u201340 (2001).","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5568","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0825","volume":"147","author":"DP Hewitt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hewitt, D. P., Mark, P. J. & Waddell, B. J. Glucocorticoids prevent the normal increase in placental vascular endothelial growth factor expression and placental vascularity during late pregnancy in the rat. Endocrinology 147, 5568\u201374 (2006).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000254788.47304.6e","volume":"100","author":"K Takeshita","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takeshita, K. et al. Critical role of endothelial Notch1 signaling in postnatal angiogenesis. Circ Res 100, 70\u20138 (2007).","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160870.93058.DD","volume":"111","author":"FP Limbourg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Limbourg, F. P. et al. Essential role of endothelial Notch1 in angiogenesis. Circulation 111, 1826\u201332 (2005).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0860689","volume":"86","author":"DS Millaway","year":"1989","unstructured":"Millaway, D. S., Redmer, D. A., Kirsch, J. D., Anthony, R. V. & Reynolds, L. P. Angiogenic activity of maternal and fetal placental tissues of ewes throughout gestation. J Reprod Fertil 86, 689\u201396 (1989).","journal-title":"J Reprod Fertil"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.054791","volume":"76","author":"AP Hess","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hess, A. P. et al. Decidual stromal cell response to paracrine signals from the trophoblast: amplification of immune and angiogenic modulators. Biol Reprod 76, 102\u201317 (2007).","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052037","volume":"7","author":"KY Degaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Degaki, K. Y., Chen, Z., Yamada, A. T. & Croy, B. A. Delta-like ligand (DLL)1 expression in early mouse decidua and its localization to uterine natural killer cells. PLoS One 7, e52037 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R75","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0474","volume":"147","author":"C Cuman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cuman, C. et al. Fetal-maternal communication: the role of Notch signalling in embryo implantation. Reproduction 147, R75\u201386 (2014).","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2007.02.008","volume":"109","author":"R Demir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Demir, R., Seval, Y. & Huppertz, B. Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in the early human placenta. Acta Histochem 109, 257\u201365 (2007).","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-0912","volume":"67","author":"EY Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin, E. Y. & Pollard, J. W. Tumor-associated macrophages press the angiogenic switch in breast cancer. Cancer Res 67, 5064\u20136 (2007).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002341","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002341","volume":"7","author":"T Ito","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ito, T. et al. The critical role of Notch ligand Delta-like 1 in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus (H1N1) infection. PLoS Pathog 7, e1002341 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.004184","volume":"134","author":"T Gridley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gridley, T. Notch signaling in vascular development and physiology. Development 134, 2709\u201318 (2007).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.03.025","volume":"137","author":"R Benedito","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benedito, R. et al. The notch ligands Dll4 and Jagged1 have opposing effects on angiogenesis. Cell 137, 1124\u201335 (2009).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2012.02.013","volume":"33","author":"PH Andraweera","year":"2012","unstructured":"Andraweera, P. H., Dekker, G. A., Laurence, J. A. & Roberts, C. T. Placental expression of VEGF family mRNA in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placenta 33, 467\u201372 (2012).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.06.004","volume":"8","author":"Q Zeng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zeng, Q. et al. Crosstalk between tumor and endothelial cells promotes tumor angiogenesis by MAPK activation of Notch signaling. Cancer Cell 8, 13\u201323 (2005).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2008.00677.x","volume":"61","author":"V Agrawal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Agrawal, V., Jaiswal, M. K., Chaturvedi, M. M., Tiwari, D. C. & Jaiswal, Y. K. Lipopolysaccharide alters the vaginal electrical resistance in cycling and pregnant mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 61, 158\u201366 (2009).","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)90503-0","volume":"172","author":"E Hirsch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hirsch, E., Saotome, I. & Hirsh, D. A model of intrauterine infection and preterm delivery in mice. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 172, 1598\u2013603 (1995).","journal-title":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.099465","volume":"88","author":"EC Co","year":"2013","unstructured":"Co, E. C. et al. Maternal decidual macrophages inhibit NK cell killing of invasive cytotrophoblasts during human pregnancy. Biol Reprod 88, 155 (2013).","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.116012","volume":"91","author":"V Agrawal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agrawal, V. et al. Platelet-activating factor: a role in preterm delivery and an essential interaction with Toll-like receptor signaling in mice. Biol Reprod 91, 119 (2014).","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"BFsrep15221_CR53","unstructured":"Arqu\u00e9s, O., Chicote, I., Tenbaum, S., Puig, I. & Palmer, H. G. Standardized Relative Quantification of Immunofluorescence Tissue Staining. Protocol Exchange 10.1038\/protex.2012.008 (2012)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep15221.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep15221","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep15221.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T15:20:29Z","timestamp":1672932029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep15221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,7]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep15221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep15221","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 April 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15221"}}