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Family history of cancer was assessed by a structured questionnaire and from which 2 cohorts of relatives of cases and controls were reconstructed. Unconditional logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were applied for case-control design and reconstructed cohort design, respectively. We observed a close to doubled risk of ESCC associated with a positive family history of esophageal cancer among first degree relatives (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42\u20132.41), after adjusting age, sex, family size and other confounders. The excess risks of ESCC increased with the increasing of first-degree relatives affected by esophageal cancer (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In particular, those individuals whose both parents with esophageal cancer had an 8-fold excess risk of ESCC (95%\u2009CI: 1.74\u201336.32). The reconstructed cohort analysis showed that the cumulative risk of esophageal cancer to age 75 was 12.2% in the first-degree relatives of cases and 7.0% in those of controls (hazard ratio\u2009=\u20091.91, 95%\u2009CI: 1.54\u20132.37). Our results suggest family history of esophageal cancer significantly increases the risk for ESCC. Future studies are needed to understand how the shared genetic susceptibility and\/or environmental exposures contribute to the observed excess risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T04:56:58Z","timestamp":1446526618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Family history of esophageal cancer increases the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Tiantian","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingdong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziyu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoqiang","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep16038_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","volume":"136","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferlay, J. et al. 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