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The modulation of gamma oscillations is a widely established mechanism in a variety of neurobiological processes, yet its neurochemical basis is not fully understood. Modeling,<jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in-vivo<\/jats:italic>animal studies suggest that gamma oscillation properties depend on GABAergic inhibition. In humans, search for evidence linking total GABA concentration to gamma oscillations has led to promising -but also to partly diverging- observations. Here, we provide the first evidence of a direct relationship between the density of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptors and gamma oscillatory gamma responses in human primary visual cortex (V1). By combining Flumazenil-PET (to measure resting-levels of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor density) and MEG (to measure visually-induced gamma oscillations), we found that GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptor densities correlated positively with the frequency and negatively with amplitude of visually-induced gamma oscillations in V1. Our findings demonstrate that gamma-band response profiles of primary visual cortex across healthy individuals are shaped by GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>-receptor-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission. These results bridge the gap with<jats:italic>in-vitro<\/jats:italic>and animal studies and may have future clinical implications given that altered GABAergic function, including dysregulation of GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>receptors, has been related to psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]],"date-time":"2015-11-17T11:05:34Z","timestamp":1447758334000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Gamma oscillations in V1 are correlated with GABAA receptor density: A multi-modal MEG and Flumazenil-PET study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Kujala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Bouvard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Lecaignard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lie","family":"Lothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Bouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Ciumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Ryvlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Jerbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep16347_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.03.041","volume":"51","author":"N Hoogenboom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hoogenboom, N., Schoffelen, J. 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