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The baseline sensitivity to zoxamide was determined with a mean EC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 0.76\u2009\u03bcg\/ml. Two stable Zox<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>Car<jats:sup>S<\/jats:sup> isolates were obtained with a resistance factor of 13.28 and 20.43; there was a fitness penalty in mycelial growth rate, sporulation, virulence and sclerotium production. The results suggest that the resistance risk of <jats:italic>B. cinerea<\/jats:italic> to zoxamide is low where benzimidazoles have not been used. E198V, E198K and M233I, were detected in the \u03b2-tubulin of Zox<jats:sup>S<\/jats:sup>Car<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>, Zox<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>Car<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>, Zox<jats:sup>R<\/jats:sup>Car<jats:sup>S<\/jats:sup>, respectively. Molecular docking indicated that position 198 in \u03b2-tubulin were targets for both zoxamide and carbendazim. The mutations at 198 prevented formation of hydrogen bonds between \u03b2-tubulin and carbendazim (E198V\/K) and changed the conformation of the binding pocket of zoxamide (E198K). M233I had no effect on the binding of carbendazim but resulted in loss of a hydrogen bond between zoxamide and F200. M233 is suggested to be a unique target site for zoxamide and be very important in the function of \u03b2 tubulin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16881","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T10:49:00Z","timestamp":1448362140000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["M233I Mutation in the \u03b2-Tubulin of Botrytis cinerea Confers Resistance to Zoxamide"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi-li","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep16881_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2007.00417.x","volume":"8","author":"B Williamson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Williamson, B., Tudzynski, B., Tudzynski, P. & Van Kan, J. 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