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We report on isolation, spatial structure determination and electrophysiological characterization of this 41-residue toxin, called \u03c9-Tbo-IT1. It has an insect-toxic effect with LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 19\u2009\u03bcg\/g in experiments on house fly <jats:italic>Musca domestica<\/jats:italic> larvae and with LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 20\u2009\u03bcg\/g on juvenile <jats:italic>Gromphadorhina portentosa<\/jats:italic> cockroaches. Electrophysiological experiments revealed a reversible inhibition of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents in blow fly <jats:italic>Calliphora vicina<\/jats:italic> neuromuscular junctions, while parameters of spontaneous ones were not affected. The inhibition was concentration dependent, with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value 40\u2009\u00b1\u200910\u2009nM and Hill coefficient 3.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.3. The toxin did not affect frog neuromuscular junctions or glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in rat brains. Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> currents in <jats:italic>Calliphora vicina<\/jats:italic> muscle were not inhibited, whereas in <jats:italic>Periplaneta americana<\/jats:italic> cockroach neurons at least one type of voltage gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> current was inhibited by \u03c9-Tbo-IT1. Thus, the toxin apparently acts as an inhibitor of presynaptic insect Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels. Spatial structure analysis of the recombinant \u03c9-Tbo-IT1 by NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution revealed that the toxin comprises the conventional ICK fold containing an extended \u03b2-hairpin loop and short \u03b2-hairpin loop which are capable of making \u201cscissors-like mutual motions\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]],"date-time":"2015-11-27T11:00:56Z","timestamp":1448622056000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["\u03c9-Tbo-IT1\u2013New Inhibitor of Insect Calcium Channels Isolated from Spider Venom"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alexander N.","family":"Mikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina M.","family":"Fedorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia N.","family":"Potapieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina E.","family":"Maleeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaroslav A.","family":"Andreev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexey V.","family":"Zaitsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kira K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduard V.","family":"Bocharov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timur N.","family":"Bozin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitry A.","family":"Altukhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexey V.","family":"Lipkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey A.","family":"Kozlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis B.","family":"Tikhonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene V.","family":"Grishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep17232_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1586\/epr.09.45","volume":"6","author":"P Escoubas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Escoubas, P. & King, G. 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