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The MTBDR\n                    <jats:italic>plus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and MTBDR\n                    <jats:italic>sl<\/jats:italic>\n                    line probe assays were evaluated in 181 sputum samples and 270 isolates from patients with culture-confirmed drug-sensitive-TB, MDR-TB, or XDR-TB. Phenotypic culture-based testing was the reference standard. Using sputum, the sensitivities for resistance was 97.7%, 95.4%, 58.9%, 61.6% for rifampicin, isoniazid, ofloxacin and amikacin, respectively, whereas the specificities were 91.8%, 89%, 100% and 100%, respectively. MTBDR\n                    <jats:italic>sl<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensitivity differed in smear-positive vs. smear-negative samples (79.2% vs. 20%, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001 for ofloxacin; 72.9% vs. 37%, p\u2009=\u20090.0023 for amikacin) but not by HIV status. If used sequentially, MTBDR\n                    <jats:italic>plus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and MTBDR\n                    <jats:italic>sl<\/jats:italic>\n                    could rule-in XDR-TB in 78.5% (22\/28) and 10.5% (2\/19) of smear-positive and smear-negative samples, respectively. On culture isolates, the sensitivity for resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, ofloxacin and amikacin was 95.1%, 96.1%, 72.3% and 76.6%, respectively, whereas the specificities exceeded 96%. Using a sequential testing approach, rapid sputum-based diagnosis of fluoroquinolone or aminoglycoside-resistant TB is feasible only in smear-positive samples, where rule-in value is good. Further investigation is required in samples that test susceptible in order to rule-out second-line drug resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T05:05:03Z","timestamp":1455080703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["The diagnostic accuracy of the MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl assays for drug-resistant TB detection when performed on sputum and culture isolates"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Tomasicchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant","family":"Theron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elize","family":"Pietersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Streicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Stanley-Josephs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"van Helden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keertan","family":"Dheda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep17850_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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