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One hundred twenty-seven patients with nocardiosis were randomly selected from 5 provinces of Iran. Molecular diagnosis of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> species was performed using multilocus sequence analysis of gyrase B of the \u03b2 subunit of DNA topoisomerase (<jats:italic>gyrB<\/jats:italic>) and 16S rRNA and subunit A of SecA preproteintranslocase (<jats:italic>secA1<\/jats:italic>). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommendations. Thirty-five <jats:italic>N. cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic>, 30 <jats:italic>N. asteroides<\/jats:italic>, 26 <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic>, 12 <jats:italic>N. otitidiscaviarum,<\/jats:italic> and 10 <jats:italic>N. abscessus<\/jats:italic> cultures were studied. All isolates were susceptible to linezolid. All isolates of <jats:italic>N. cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>N. asteroides, N. abscessus and N. otitidiscaviarum<\/jats:italic> were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while 8% of <jats:italic>N. farcinica<\/jats:italic> isolates were resistant to this drug. All <jats:italic>N. otitidiscaviarum<\/jats:italic> isolates were highly resistant to imipenem, but <jats:italic>N. cyriacigeorgica<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>N. asteroides, N. farcinica and N. abscessus<\/jats:italic> were only moderate resistant. The susceptibility patterns vary with different species of <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic>. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Iran is low and this drug should be first line therapy, unless drug susceptibility testing shows resistance. Linezolid also covers <jats:italic>Nocardia<\/jats:italic> well and could be a second line agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,7]],"date-time":"2015-12-07T11:21:55Z","timestamp":1449487315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia species among patients with nocardiosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Abodolrazagh","family":"Hashemi-Shahraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Heidarieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed Zaker","family":"Bostanabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Hashemzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Mehdi","family":"Feizabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Schraufnagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mirsaeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep17862_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.259-282.2006","volume":"19","author":"BA Brown-Elliott","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown-Elliott, B. 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