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One of the few identified pathogens of coral disease is the bacterium <jats:italic>Vibrio coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>. In <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>, infection by a bacterial virus (bacteriophage) results in the conversion of non-pathogenic strains to pathogenic strains and this can lead to cholera pandemics. Pathogenicity islands encoded in the <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> genome play an important role in pathogenesis. Here we analyse five whole genome sequences of <jats:italic>V. coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic> to examine whether virulence is similarly driven by horizontally acquired elements. We demonstrate that bacteriophage genomes encoding toxin genes with homology to those found in pathogenic <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> are integrated in <jats:italic>V. coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic> genomes. Virulence factors located on chromosomal pathogenicity islands also exist in some strains of <jats:italic>V. coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic>. The presence of these genetic signatures indicates virulence in <jats:italic>V. coralliilyticus<\/jats:italic> is driven by prophages and other horizontally acquired elements. Screening for pathogens of coral disease should target conserved regions in these elements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,8]],"date-time":"2015-12-08T10:04:19Z","timestamp":1449569059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["From cholera to corals: Viruses as drivers of virulence in a major coral bacterial pathogen"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Karen D.","family":"Weynberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian R.","family":"Voolstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Neave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Buerger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeleine J. 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