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Further optimizations are needed to get the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine closer to the level required for human use. Here we show that intramuscularly inoculating into a different limb each time significantly improves the immunogenicities of both DNA and recombinant vaccinia vaccines during multiple vaccinations, compared to repeated vaccination on the same limb. We term this strategy successive site translocating inoculation (<jats:bold>SSTI<\/jats:bold>). <jats:bold>SSTI<\/jats:bold> could work in synergy with genetic adjuvant and DNA prime-recombinant vaccinia boost regimen. By comparing <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antigen expression, we found that <jats:bold>SSTI<\/jats:bold> avoided the specific inhibition of <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antigen expression, which was observed in the limbs being repeatedly inoculated. Employing <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> T cell depletion and passive IgG transfer, we delineated that the inhibition was not mediated by CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells but by specific antibodies. Finally, by using C3<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mouse model and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> NK cells depletion, we identified that specific antibodies negatively regulated the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antigen expression primarily in a complement depended way.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T09:42:16Z","timestamp":1450172536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Successive site translocating inoculation potentiates DNA\/recombinant vaccinia vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanmin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep18099_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/emmm.201403876","volume":"6","author":"I Delany","year":"2014","unstructured":"Delany, I., Rappuoli, R. & De Gregorio, E. 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