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This study aimed to examine the influence of acarbose on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and on the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. In a nationwide, matched case\u2013control study, we identified 723 incident RA cases and selected 7,230 age-, sex- and RA diagnosis date\u2013matched controls from all newly treated DM patients. We found that use of acarbose at\u2009&gt;\u200916,950\u2009mg per year was associated with a lower RA risk (odds ratio 0.60; 95% CI, 0.41\u20130.89). In the CIA mouse study, acarbose was orally administered from days -7 to 38 relative to type II collagen (CII) immunization. The results revealed that acarbose at the dose of 500\u2009mg\/kg\/day attenuated the incidence and severity of arthritis and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and IL-17 in the paw tissues. Acarbose further decreased the productions of anti-CII-IgG, IL-17 and IFN-\u03b3 by collagen-reactive lymph node cells. This work suggests that the use of acarbose decreased RA risk in DM patients and the incidence of CIA in mice. Acarbose also attenuated the severity of CIA via anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T09:18:38Z","timestamp":1450430318000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Acarbose Decreases the Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk of Diabetic Patients and Attenuates the Incidence and Severity of Collagen-induced Arthritis in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hsin-Hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Der-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya-Hsuan","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Liang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuo-Lung","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Heng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep18288_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21820","volume":"65","author":"KH Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu, K. 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