{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T20:06:18Z","timestamp":1781381178377,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypokalemia (low serum potassium level) is a common electrolyte imbalance that can cause a defect in urinary concentrating ability, i.e., nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), but the molecular mechanism is unknown. We employed proteomic analysis of inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) from rats fed with a potassium-free diet for 1 day. IMCD protein quantification was performed by mass spectrometry using a label-free methodology. A total of 131 proteins, including the water channel AQP2, exhibited significant changes in abundance, most of which were decreased. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that many of the down-regulated proteins were associated with the biological processes of generation of precursor metabolites and energy, actin cytoskeleton organization and cell-cell adhesion. Targeted LC-MS\/MS and immunoblotting studies further confirmed the down regulation of 18 selected proteins. Electron microscopy showed autophagosomes\/autophagolysosomes in the IMCD cells of rats deprived of potassium for only 1 day. An increased number of autophagosomes was also confirmed by immunofluorescence, demonstrating co-localization of LC3 and Lamp1 with AQP2 and several other down-regulated proteins in IMCD cells. AQP2 was also detected in autophagosomes in IMCD cells of potassium-deprived rats by immunogold electron microscopy. Thus, enhanced autophagic degradation of proteins, most notably including AQP2, is an early event in hypokalemia-induced NDI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T11:03:44Z","timestamp":1450350224000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Autophagic degradation of aquaporin-2 is an early event in hypokalemia-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sookkasem","family":"Khositseth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panapat","family":"Uawithya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poorichaya","family":"Somparn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komgrid","family":"Charngkaew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattakan","family":"Thippamom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Hoffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Michael Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Fenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trairak","family":"Pisitkun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"014613","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M111.014613","volume":"11","author":"JD Hoffert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hoffert, J. D. et al. Dynamics of the G protein-coupled vasopressin V2 receptor signaling network revealed by quantitative phosphoproteomics. Mol Cell Proteomics 11, M111 014613, 10.1074\/mcp.M111.014613 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson, J. L., Miranda, C. A. & Knepper, M. A. Vasopressin and the regulation of aquaporin-2. Clin Exp Nephrol, 10.1007\/s10157-013-0789-5 (2013).","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-013-0789-5"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/361549a0","volume":"361","author":"K Fushimi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fushimi, K. et al. Cloning and expression of apical membrane water channel of rat kidney collecting tubule. Nature 361, 549\u2013552, 10.1038\/361549a0 (1993).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR4","first-page":"F3","volume":"272","author":"MA Knepper","year":"1997","unstructured":"Knepper, M. A. Molecular physiology of urinary concentrating mechanism: regulation of aquaporin water channels by vasopressin. Am J Physiol 272, F3\u201312 (1997).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.4.1013","volume":"92","author":"S Nielsen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nielsen, S. et al. Vasopressin increases water permeability of kidney collecting duct by inducing translocation of aquaporin-CD water channels to plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 1013\u20131017 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14800","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.23.14800","volume":"272","author":"K Fushimi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fushimi, K., Sasaki, S. & Marumo, F. Phosphorylation of serine 256 is required for cAMP-dependent regulatory exocytosis of the aquaporin-2 water channel. J Biol Chem 272, 14800\u201314804 (1997).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR7","first-page":"F817","volume":"272","author":"T Katsura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Katsura, T., Gustafson, C. E., Ausiello, D. A. & Brown, D. Protein kinase A phosphorylation is involved in regulated exocytosis of aquaporin-2 in transfected LLC-PK1 cells. Am J Physiol 272, F817\u2013822 (1997).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11663","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.11663","volume":"90","author":"S Nielsen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nielsen, S., DiGiovanni, S. R., Christensen, E. I., Knepper, M. A. & Harris, H. W. Cellular and subcellular immunolocalization of vasopressin-regulated water channel in rat kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 11663\u201311667 (1993).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117525","volume":"94","author":"M Hayashi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hayashi, M. et al. Expression and distribution of aquaporin of collecting duct are regulated by vasopressin V2 receptor in rat kidney. J Clin Invest 94, 1778\u20131783, 10.1172\/JCI117525 (1994).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8984","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.19.8984","volume":"91","author":"SR DiGiovanni","year":"1994","unstructured":"DiGiovanni, S. R., Nielsen, S., Christensen, E. I. & Knepper, M. A. Regulation of collecting duct water channel expression by vasopressin in Brattleboro rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 8984\u20138988 (1994).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1376","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00186.2002","volume":"283","author":"ML Elkjaer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Elkjaer, M. L. et al. Altered expression of renal NHE3, TSC, BSC-1 and ENaC subunits in potassium-depleted rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 283, F1376\u20131388, 10.1152\/ajprenal.00186.2002 (2002).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1960","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118628","volume":"97","author":"D Marples","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marples, D., Frokiaer, J., Dorup, J., Knepper, M. A. & Nielsen, S. Hypokalemia-induced downregulation of aquaporin-2 water channel expression in rat kidney medulla and cortex. J Clin Invest 97, 1960\u20131968, 10.1172\/JCI118628 (1996).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F655","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.2000.279.4.F655","volume":"279","author":"H Amlal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Amlal, H., Krane, C. M., Chen, Q. & Soleimani, M. Early polyuria and urinary concentrating defect in potassium deprivation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 279, F655\u2013663 (2000).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1210","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00111.2003","volume":"285","author":"JY Jung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jung, J. Y. et al. Expression of urea transporters in potassium-depleted mouse kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 285, F1210\u20131224, 10.1152\/ajprenal.00111.2003 (2003).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195608022550501","volume":"255","author":"AS Relman","year":"1956","unstructured":"Relman, A. S. & Schwartz, W. B. The nephropathy of potassium depletion; a clinical and pathological entity. N Engl J Med 255, 195\u2013203, 10.1056\/NEJM195608022550501 (1956).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.201","volume":"11","author":"S Fougeray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fougeray, S. & Pallet, N. Mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy in diseased and ageing kidneys. Nat Rev Nephrol 11, 34\u201345, 10.1038\/nrneph.2014.201 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.6477","volume":"4","author":"N Pallet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pallet, N. et al. Autophagy protects renal tubular cells against cyclosporine toxicity. Autophagy 4, 783\u2013791 (2008).","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010070705","volume":"22","author":"T Kimura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kimura, T. et al. Autophagy protects the proximal tubule from degeneration and acute ischemic injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 22, 902\u2013913, 10.1681\/ASN.2010070705 (2011).","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F541","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00427.2006","volume":"293","author":"FN Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, F. N., Oh, G., McDonough, A. A. & Youn, J. H. Evidence for gut factor in K+ homeostasis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293, F541\u2013547, 10.1152\/ajprenal.00427.2006 (2007).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00008","volume":"150","author":"M Greenlee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenlee, M., Wingo, C. S., McDonough, A. A., Youn, J. H. & Kone, B. C. Narrative review: evolving concepts in potassium homeostasis and hypokalemia. Ann Intern Med 150, 619\u2013625 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.04.005","volume":"33","author":"JH Youn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Youn, J. H. Gut sensing of potassium intake and its role in potassium homeostasis. Semin Nephrol 33, 248\u2013256, 10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2013.04.005 (2013).","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-012-1129-4","volume":"464","author":"HB Moeller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moeller, H. B. & Fenton, R. A. Cell biology of vasopressin-regulated aquaporin-2 trafficking. Pflugers Arch 464, 133\u2013144, 10.1007\/s00424-012-1129-4 (2012).","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tchapyjnikov, D. et al. Proteomic profiling of nuclei from native renal inner medullary collecting duct cells using LC-MS\/MS. Physiol Genomics 40, 167\u2013183, 10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00148.2009.","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00148.2009"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1021\/pr050406g","volume":"5","author":"G Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang, G., Wu, W. W., Zeng, W., Chou, C. L. & Shen, R. F. Label-free protein quantification using LC-coupled ion trap or FT mass spectrometry: Reproducibility, linearity and application with complex proteomes. J Proteome Res 5, 1214\u20131223, 10.1021\/pr050406g (2006).","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007424107","volume":"107","author":"R Gunaratne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gunaratne, R. et al. Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis reveals cAMP\/vasopressin-dependent signaling pathways in native renal thick ascending limb cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107, 15653\u201315658, 10.1073\/pnas.1007424107 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P3","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-4-5-p3","volume":"4","author":"G Dennis Jr.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dennis, G., Jr. et al. DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Genome Biol 4, P3 (2003).","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013030279","volume":"24","author":"PC Sandoval","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sandoval, P. C. et al. Proteome-wide measurement of protein half-lives and translation rates in vasopressin-sensitive collecting duct cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 24, 1793\u20131805, 10.1681\/ASN.2013030279 (2013).","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.16.2429","volume":"160","author":"JN Cohn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cohn, J. N., Kowey, P. R., Whelton, P. K. & Prisant, L. M. New guidelines for potassium replacement in clinical practice: a contemporary review by the National Council on Potassium in Clinical Practice. Arch Intern Med 160, 2429\u20132436 (2000).","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.77.914.759","volume":"77","author":"A Rastegar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rastegar, A. & Soleimani, M. Hypokalaemia and hyperkalaemia. Postgrad Med J 77, 759\u2013764 (2001).","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1979.79","volume":"15","author":"SL Linas","year":"1979","unstructured":"Linas, S. L. et al. Mechanism of renal potassium conservation in the rat. Kidney Int 15, 601\u2013611 (1979).","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1976.231.4.1204","volume":"231","author":"N Beck","year":"1976","unstructured":"Beck, N. & Webster, S. K. Impaired urinary concentrating ability and cyclic AMP in K+-depleted rat kidney. Am J Physiol 231, 1204\u20131208 (1976).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02486556","volume":"366","author":"S Carney","year":"1976","unstructured":"Carney, S., Rayson, B. & Morgan, T. A study in vitro of the concentrating defect associated with hypokalaemia and hypercalcaemia. Pflugers Arch 366, 11\u201317 (1976).","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F408","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00502.2006","volume":"293","author":"US Jeon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jeon, U. S. et al. Downregulation of renal TonEBP in hypokalemic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293, F408\u2013415, 10.1152\/ajprenal.00502.2006 (2007).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1134","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.5.R1134","volume":"278","author":"H Morita","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morita, H., Fujiki, N., Miyahara, T., Lee, K. & Tanaka, K. Hepatoportal bumetanide-sensitive K(+)-sensor mechanism controls urinary K(+) excretion. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 278, R1134\u20131139 (2000).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1166","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00495.2012","volume":"304","author":"YT Oh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oh, Y. T., Kim, J. & Youn, J. H. Role of pituitary in K+ homeostasis: impaired renal responses to altered K+ intake in hypophysectomized rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 304, R1166\u20131174, 10.1152\/ajpregu.00495.2012 (2013).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6037","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511324103","volume":"103","author":"A Rojek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rojek, A., Fuchtbauer, E. M., Kwon, T. H., Frokiaer, J. & Nielsen, S. Severe urinary concentrating defect in renal collecting duct-selective AQP2 conditional-knockout mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 6037\u20136042, 10.1073\/pnas.0511324103 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.250852","volume":"591","author":"ML Kortenoeven","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kortenoeven, M. L., Pedersen, N. B., Miller, R. L., Rojek, A. & Fenton, R. A. Genetic ablation of aquaporin-2 in the mouse connecting tubules results in defective renal water handling. J Physiol 591, 2205\u20132219, 10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.250852 (2013).","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR38","first-page":"107","volume":"36","author":"HN Aithal","year":"1977","unstructured":"Aithal, H. N., Toback, F. G., Dube, S., Getz, G. S. & Spargo, B. H. Formation of renal medullary lysosomes during potassium depletion nephropathy. Lab Invest 36, 107\u2013113 (1977).","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.12.018","volume":"132","author":"B Levine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levine, B. & Kroemer, G. Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease. Cell 132, 27\u201342, 10.1016\/j.cell.2007.12.018 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.3.14487","volume":"7","author":"T Johansen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johansen, T. & Lamark, T. Selective autophagy mediated by autophagic adapter proteins. Autophagy 7, 279\u2013296 (2011).","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736905","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/736905","volume":"2012","author":"T Lamark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lamark, T. & Johansen, T. Aggrephagy: selective disposal of protein aggregates by macroautophagy. Int J Cell Biol 2012, 736905, 10.1155\/2012\/736905 (2012).","journal-title":"Int J Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.3.14502","volume":"7","author":"K Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang, K. & Klionsky, D. J. Mitochondria removal by autophagy. Autophagy 7, 297\u2013300 (2011).","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.137.3.609","volume":"137","author":"J Kim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kim, J., Scott, S. V., Oda, M. N. & Klionsky, D. J. Transport of a large oligomeric protein by the cytoplasm to vacuole protein targeting pathway. J Cell Biol 137, 609\u2013618 (1997).","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR44","first-page":"186","volume":"39","author":"HN Aithal","year":"1978","unstructured":"Aithal, H. N. & Toback, F. G. Defective mitochondrial energy production during potassium depletion nephropathy. Lab Invest 39, 186\u2013192 (1978).","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.12.12.3717","volume":"12","author":"SA Rajasekaran","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rajasekaran, S. A. et al. Na,K-ATPase activity is required for formation of tight junctions, desmosomes and induction of polarity in epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 12, 3717\u20133732 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.155","volume":"61","author":"A Szewczyk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Szewczyk, A., Jarmuszkiewicz, W. & Kunz, W. S. Mitochondrial potassium channels. IUBMB Life 61, 134\u2013143, 10.1002\/iub.155 (2009).","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-011-1058-7","volume":"463","author":"I Szabo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szabo, I., Leanza, L., Gulbins, E. & Zoratti, M. Physiology of potassium channels in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Pflugers Arch 463, 231\u2013246, 10.1007\/s00424-011-1058-7 (2012).","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.12.3301","volume":"107","author":"R Bacallao","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bacallao, R., Garfinkel, A., Monke, S., Zampighi, G. & Mandel, L. J. ATP depletion: a novel method to study junctional properties in epithelial tissues. I. Rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 107 (Pt 12), 3301\u20133313 (1994).","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.01.059","volume":"368","author":"C Suzuki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suzuki, C. et al. Participation of autophagy in renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 368, 100\u2013106, 10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.01.059 (2008).","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.19496","volume":"8","author":"DJ Klionsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klionsky, D. J. et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy 8, 445\u2013544 (2012).","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.112.199802","volume":"344","author":"ML Bristol","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bristol, M. L. et al. Autophagy inhibition for chemosensitization and radiosensitization in cancer: do the preclinical data support this therapeutic strategy? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 344, 544\u2013552, 10.1124\/jpet.112.199802 (2013).","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.21544","volume":"8","author":"G Juhasz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Juhasz, G. Interpretation of bafilomycin, pH neutralizing or protease inhibitor treatments in autophagic flux experiments: novel considerations. Autophagy 8, 1875\u20131876 (2012).","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2272","volume":"6","author":"DC Rubinsztein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rubinsztein, D. C., Gestwicki, J. E., Murphy, L. O. & Klionsky, D. J. Potential therapeutic applications of autophagy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 6, 304\u2013312, 10.1038\/nrd2272 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.5","volume":"34","author":"YP Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, Y. P. et al. Application and interpretation of current autophagy inhibitors and activators. Acta Pharmacol Sin 34, 625\u2013635, 10.1038\/aps.2013.5 (2013).","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2016111","volume":"25","author":"S Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang, S. et al. Pancreatic cancers require autophagy for tumor growth. Genes Dev 25, 717\u2013729, 10.1101\/gad.2016111 (2011).","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0774-y","volume":"89","author":"OK Mirzoeva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mirzoeva, O. K. et al. Autophagy suppression promotes apoptotic cell death in response to inhibition of the PI3K-mTOR pathway in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 89, 877\u2013889, 10.1007\/s00109-011-0774-y (2011).","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR57","first-page":"F251","volume":"253","author":"JB Stokes","year":"1987","unstructured":"Stokes, J. B., Grupp, C. & Kinne, R. K. Purification of rat papillary collecting duct cells: functional and metabolic assessment. Am J Physiol 253, F251\u2013262 (1987).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00214.2005","volume":"25","author":"T Pisitkun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pisitkun, T. et al. High-throughput identification of IMCD proteins using LC-MS\/MS. Physiol Genomics 25, 263\u2013276, 10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00214.2005 (2006).","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13368","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403453101","volume":"101","author":"T Pisitkun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pisitkun, T., Shen, R. F. & Knepper, M. A. Identification and proteomic profiling of exosomes in human urine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 13368\u201313373, 10.1073\/pnas.0403453101 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1021\/ac00104a020","volume":"67","author":"JR Yates 3rd","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yates, J. R., 3rd, Eng, J. K., McCormack, A. L. & Schieltz, D. Method to correlate tandem mass spectra of modified peptides to amino acid sequences in the protein database. Anal Chem 67, 1426\u20131436 (1995).","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4626","DOI":"10.1021\/ac050102d","volume":"77","author":"S Tanner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tanner, S. et al. InsPecT: identification of posttranslationally modified peptides from tandem mass spectra. Anal Chem 77, 4626\u20134639, 10.1021\/ac050102d (2005).","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth1019","volume":"4","author":"JE Elias","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elias, J. E. & Gygi, S. P. Target-decoy search strategy for increased confidence in large-scale protein identifications by mass spectrometry. Nat Methods 4, 207\u2013214, 10.1038\/nmeth1019 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq054","volume":"26","author":"B MacLean","year":"2010","unstructured":"MacLean, B. et al. . Skyline: an open source document editor for creating and analyzing targeted proteomics experiments. Bioinformatics 26, 966\u2013968, 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq054 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000132","volume":"69","author":"Y Avihingsanon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Avihingsanon, Y. et al. Measurement of urinary chemokine and growth factor messenger RNAs: a noninvasive monitoring in lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 69, 747\u2013753, 10.1038\/sj.ki.5000132 (2006).","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F1030","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.90339.2008","volume":"295","author":"T Pisitkun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pisitkun, T. et al. Akt and ERK1\/2 pathways are components of the vasopressin signaling network in rat native IMCD. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 295, F1030\u20131043, 10.1152\/ajprenal.90339.2008 (2008).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C549","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1998.274.2.C549","volume":"274","author":"CL Chou","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chou, C. L., Ma, T., Yang, B., Knepper, M. A. & Verkman, A. S. Fourfold reduction of water permeability in inner medullary collecting duct of aquaporin-4 knockout mice. Am J Physiol 274, C549\u2013554 (1998).","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600177-MCP200","volume":"5","author":"MJ Yu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yu, M. J., Pisitkun, T., Wang, G., Shen, R. F. & Knepper, M. A. LC-MS\/MS analysis of apical and basolateral plasma membranes of rat renal collecting duct cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 5, 2131\u20132145 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"BFsrep18311_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712338105","volume":"105","author":"RA Fenton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fenton, R. A. et al. Acute regulation of aquaporin-2 phosphorylation at Ser-264 by vasopressin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105, 3134\u20133139, 10.1073\/pnas.0712338105 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep18311.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep18311","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep18311.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T20:19:45Z","timestamp":1672949985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep18311"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep18311"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep18311","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 August 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18311"}}