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We aimed to investigate the role of Th9\/interleukin-9 (IL-9) in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Th9 and Th17 cells were quantified in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with hepatic fibrosis, HBV-associated liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and healthy controls (HC). The percentages of Th9 and Th17 cells, concentrations of IL-9 and IL-17, as well as expression of IL-17, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-4, IL-21, TGF-\u03b21 and IFN-\u03b3 were significantly increased in plasma of CHB and LC patients compared with those in HC. Splenic Th9 and Th17 cells, plasma concentrations and liver expression of IL-9 and IL-17A were significantly elevated in mice with hepatic fibrosis compared with controls. Neutralization of IL-9 in mice ameliorated hepatic fibrosis, attenuated the activation of hepatic stellate cells, reduced frequencies of Th9, Th17 and Th1 cells in spleen and suppressed expression of IL-9, IL-17A, IFN-\u03b3, TGF-\u03b21, IL-6, IL-4 and TNF-\u03b1 in plasma and liver respectively. Our data suggest a deleterious role of Th9\/IL-9 in increasing hepatic fibrosis and exacerbating disease endpoints, indicating that Th9\/IL9 based immunotherapy may be a promising approach for treating hepatic fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T05:43:38Z","timestamp":1451972618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["A deleterious role for Th9\/IL-9 in hepatic fibrogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shan-yu","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-hong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-yun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bang-li","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Jia","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-wen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-xing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep18694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.003","volume":"134","author":"SL Friedman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Friedman, S. 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