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Recently, we reported that 2\u2019\u20135\u2019 oligoadenylate synthetase-like 1 (OASL1) negatively regulates type I IFN production by inhibiting the translation of the type I IFN-regulating master transcription factor, IRF7. Notably, while OASL1-deficient mice induce robust production of type I IFN and are resistant to systemic viral infection, the effects of OASL1 during localized viral infection has not been studied. To this end, we investigated the role of OASL1 during mucosal HSV-2 infection of the genital tract. <jats:italic>Oasl1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice exhibited better survival rates than wild type (WT) mice following intravaginal HSV-2 infection and suppressed virus replication more efficiently despite comparable recruitment of effector immune cells. Moreover, Ly6C<jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup> monocytes and not pDCs or other cell types, displayed enhanced production of type I IFNs in <jats:italic>Oasl1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice in response to HSV-2 infection. Furthermore, cytotoxic T cell responses including IFN-\u03b3 production were accelerated in <jats:italic>Oasl1<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice after mucosal HSV-2 infection. Collectively, these results demonstrate that OASL1 deficiency promotes antiviral immunity against local mucosal viral infection and suggest that OASL1 could be a therapeutic target for treatment of HSV-2 infection of the genital mucosa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]],"date-time":"2016-01-11T10:08:51Z","timestamp":1452506931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["OASL1 deficiency promotes antiviral protection against genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection by enhancing type I interferon production"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myeong Sup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heung Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep19089_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1086\/338231","volume":"185","author":"A Wald","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wald, A. & Link, K. 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