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This transgenic system allowed expression of <jats:italic>kras<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V12<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> specifically in the liver by a brief exposure of mifepristone to induce permanent genomic recombination mediated by the Cre-loxP system. We found that liver tumors were generally induced from multiple foci due to incomplete Cre-loxP recombination, thus mimicking naturally occurring human tumors resulting from one or a few mutated cells and clonal proliferation to form nodules. Similar to our earlier studies by both constitutive and inducible expression of the <jats:italic>kras<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V12<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> oncogene, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of liver tumor induced by <jats:italic>kras<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V12<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> expression. Moreover, mixed tumors with hepatocellular adenoma and hepatoblastoma (HB) were also frequently observed. Molecular analyses also indicated similar increase of phosphorylated ERK1\/2 in all types of liver tumors, but nuclear localization of \u03b2\u2013catenin, a sign of malignant transformation, was found only in HCC and HB. Taken together, our new transgenic system reported in this study allows transgenic <jats:italic>kras<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>V12<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> expression specifically in the zebrafish liver only by a brief exposure of mifepristone to induce permanent genomic recombination mediated by the Cre-loxP system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]],"date-time":"2016-01-21T11:21:42Z","timestamp":1453375302000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Development of a conditional liver tumor model by mifepristone-inducible Cre recombination to control oncogenic krasV12 expression in transgenic zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Anh Tuan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivien","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan M.","family":"Spitsbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep19559_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.080608.100623","volume":"61","author":"A Villanueva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Villanueva, A., Minguez, B., Forner, A., Reig, M. & Llovet, J. 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