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Although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are able to regulate inflammation in CBP, the effect of microbubble-mediated ultrasound- induced accumulation of BMMSCs on CBP remains unclear. To address this gap, a model of CBP was established in SD rats, which were then treated with BMMSCs alone (BMMSC group), BMMSCs with ultrasound (ultrasound group), BMMSCs with microbubble-mediated ultrasound (MMUS group) and compared with a healthy control group. A therapeutic-ultrasound apparatus was used to treat the prostate in the presence of circulating microbubbles and BMMSCs. The BMMSC distribution was assessed with <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> imaging and the prostate structure with light microscopy. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expressions of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2. More BMMSCs were found in the prostate in the MMUS group than in the CBP, ultrasound and BMMSC groups. Inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrous tissue hyperplasia and tumor-like epithelial proliferation were significantly reduced in the MMUS group, as were the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2. Microbubble-mediated ultrasound-induced accumulation of BMMSCs can inhibit inflammation and decrease TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 expressions in the prostate of CBP rats, suggesting that this method may be therapeutic for CPB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]],"date-time":"2016-01-22T10:05:40Z","timestamp":1453457140000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Microbubble-mediated ultrasound promotes accumulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell to the prostate for treating chronic bacterial prostatitis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shanhong","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangwei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chengcheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuangjiang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Ao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longkun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep19745_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A268","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2011-050108.405","volume":"87","author":"A Khaikova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khaikova, A., Sohar, S. & Kazlouskay, V. 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