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Here we describe a new member of the bacterial flagellar stator channel family (MotAB1 of <jats:italic>Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic> sp. TCA20 (TCA-MotAB1)) that is coupled to divalent cations (Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>and Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>). In the absence of divalent cations of alkaline earth metals, no swimming was observed in <jats:italic>Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic> sp. TCA20, which grows optimally in Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-rich environments. This pattern was confirmed by swimming assays of a stator-free <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> mutant expressing TCA-MotAB1. Both a stator-free and major Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>uptake system-deleted <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> mutant expressing TCA-MotAB1 complemented both growth and motility deficiency under low Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>conditions and exhibited [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>in<\/jats:sub> identical to that of the wild-type. This is the first report of a flagellar motor that can use Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>and Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>as coupling ions. These findings will promote the understanding of the operating principles of flagellar motors and molecular mechanisms of ion selectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19773","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]],"date-time":"2016-01-22T09:35:51Z","timestamp":1453455351000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A novel type bacterial flagellar motor that can use divalent cations as a coupling ion"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Riku","family":"Imazawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohiko","family":"Sano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep19773_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46248","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046248","volume":"7","author":"N Terahara,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Terahara, N., Sano, M. & Ito, M. 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