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We previously showed that oral\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    with the\n                    <jats:italic>cnm<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene encoding a collagen-binding Cnm protein induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) experimentally and was also associated with cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in our population-based cohort study. We therefore investigated the roles of\n                    <jats:italic>cnm<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    in this single hospital-based, observational study that enrolled 100 acute stroke subjects. The\n                    <jats:italic>cnm<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from saliva was screened using PCR techniques and its collagen-binding activities examined. CMBs were evaluated on T2* gradient-recalled echo MRI. One subject withdrew informed consent and 99 subjects (63 males) were analyzed, consisting of 67 subjects with ischemic stroke, 5 with transient ischemic attack and 27 with ICH. Eleven cases showed\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains positive for\n                    <jats:italic>cnm<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The presence of\n                    <jats:italic>cnm<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    was significantly associated with ICH [OR vs. ischemic stroke, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.17\u201319.1] and increased number of deep CMBs [median (IQR), 3 (2\u20139) vs. 0 (0\u20131), p\u2009=\u20090.0002]. In subjects positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , collagen binding activity was positively correlated with the number of deep CMBs (R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.405; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). These results provide further evidence for the key role of oral health in stroke.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T05:14:36Z","timestamp":1454649276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Intracerebral hemorrhage and deep microbleeds associated with cnm-positive Streptococcus mutans; a hospital cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Tonomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Friedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagato","family":"Kuriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Toyoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Nagatsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep20074_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70013-4","volume":"8","author":"SM Greenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenberg, S. 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