{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:46:24Z","timestamp":1791265584970,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects the foetus and has a number of pathological consequences throughout life. Recent work has indicated that variations in DNA methylation might cause placental dysfunction, which may be associated with adverse pregnancy complications. Here, we investigated the promoter methylomes of placental shares from seven monochorionic (MC) twins with selective intrauterine growth restriction (sIUGR) using the healthy twin as an ideal control. Our work demonstrated that the IUGR placental shares harboured a distinct DNA hypomethylation pattern and that the methylation variations preferentially occurred in CpG island shores or non-CpG island promoters. The differentially methylated promoters could significantly separate the IUGR placental shares from the healthy ones. Ultra\u2010performance liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010MS\/MS) further confirmed the genome\u2010wide DNA hypomethylation and the lower level of hydroxymethylation statuses in the IUGR placental shares. The methylation variations of the<jats:italic>LRAT<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>SLC19A1<\/jats:italic>promoters, which are involved in vitamin A metabolism and folate transportation, respectively and the<jats:italic>EFS<\/jats:italic>promoter were further validated in an additional 12 pairs of MC twins with sIUGR. Although the expressions of<jats:italic>LRAT<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>SLC19A1<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>EFS<\/jats:italic>were not affected, we still speculated that DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation might serve a functional role during<jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>foetal development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]],"date-time":"2016-02-02T10:47:57Z","timestamp":1454410077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The promoter methylomes of monochorionic twin placentas reveal intrauterine growth restriction-specific variations in the methylation patterns"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zhiming","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanlin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.01.036","volume":"191","author":"TJ Garite","year":"2004","unstructured":"Garite, T. J., Clark, R. & Thorp, J. A. Intrauterine growth restriction increases morbidity and mortality among premature neonates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 191, 481\u2013487 (2004).","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2012.763","volume":"5","author":"O Koukoura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koukoura, O., Sifakis, S. & Spandidos, D. A. DNA methylation in the human placenta and fetal growth (review). Mol Med Rep 5, 883\u2013889 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR3","first-page":"332","volume":"6","author":"A Romo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Romo, A., Carceller, R. & Tobajas, J. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR): epidemiology and etiology. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 6, 332\u2013336 (2009).","journal-title":"Pediatr Endocrinol Rev"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR4","first-page":"917","volume":"91","author":"CV Ananth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ananth, C. V., Vintzileos, A. M., Shen-Schwarz, S., Smulian, J. C. & Lai, Y. L. Standards of birth weight in twin gestations stratified by placental chorionicity. Obstet Gynecol 91, 917\u2013924 (1998).","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000357592","volume":"36","author":"F Figueras","year":"2014","unstructured":"Figueras, F. & Gratacos, E. Update on the diagnosis and classification of fetal growth restriction and proposal of a stage-based management protocol. Fetal Diagn Ther 36, 86\u201398 (2014).","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2741","volume":"97","author":"SD Chernausek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chernausek, S. D. Update: consequences of abnormal fetal growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97, 689\u2013695 (2012).","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2008.055277","volume":"61","author":"B Huppertz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huppertz, B. The anatomy of the normal placenta. J Clin Pathol 61, 1296\u20131302 (2008).","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.10.45","volume":"2","author":"B Novakovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Novakovic, B. & Saffery, R. DNA methylation profiling highlights the unique nature of the human placental epigenome. Epigenomics 2, 627\u2013638 (2010).","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmq052","volume":"17","author":"EC Nelissen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nelissen, E. C., van Montfoort, A. P., Dumoulin, J. C. & Evers, J. L. Epigenetics and the placenta. Hum Reprod Update 17, 397\u2013417 (2011).","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00034.2013","volume":"45","author":"PY Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, P. Y. et al. Intrauterine calorie restriction affects placental DNA methylation and gene expression. Physiol Genomics 45, 565\u2013576 (2013).","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2007.04.001","volume":"28","author":"L Serman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Serman, L. et al. The impact of 5-azacytidine on placental weight, glycoprotein pattern and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in rat placenta. Placenta 28, 803\u2013811 (2007).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.2217\/epi.12.49","volume":"4","author":"SA Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, S. A. & Ding, C. The dysfunctional placenta epigenome: causes and consequences. Epigenomics 4, 561\u2013569 (2012).","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2009.00716.x","volume":"62","author":"MA Maccani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maccani, M. A. & Marsit, C. J. Epigenetics in the placenta. Am J Reprod Immunol 62, 78\u201389 (2009).","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-014-0278-0","volume":"31","author":"A Cordeiro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cordeiro, A., Neto, A. P., Carvalho, F., Ramalho, C. & Doria, S. Relevance of genomic imprinting in intrauterine human growth expression of CDKN1C, H19, IGF2, KCNQ1 and PHLDA2 imprinted genes. J Assist Reprod Genet 31, 1361\u20131368 (2014).","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR15","first-page":"481","volume":"28","author":"O Koukoura","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koukoura, O. et al. Loss of imprinting and aberrant methylation of IGF2 in placentas from pregnancies complicated with fetal growth restriction. Int J Mol Med 28, 481\u2013487 (2011).","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719111404611","volume":"18","author":"L Lambertini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lambertini, L. et al. Differential methylation of imprinted genes in growth-restricted placentas. Reprod Sci 18, 1111\u20131117 (2011).","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2009.246","volume":"18","author":"CL Turner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Turner, C. L. et al. Methylation analysis of 79 patients with growth restriction reveals novel patterns of methylation change at imprinted loci. Eur J Hum Genet 18, 648\u2013655 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.7.16079","volume":"6","author":"CE Banister","year":"2011","unstructured":"Banister, C. E. et al. Infant growth restriction is associated with distinct patterns of DNA methylation in human placentas. Epigenetics 6, 920\u2013927 (2011).","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2010.63","volume":"18","author":"RK Yuen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yuen, R. K., Penaherrera, M. S., von Dadelszen, P., McFadden, D. E. & Robinson, W. P. DNA methylation profiling of human placentas reveals promoter hypomethylation of multiple genes in early-onset preeclampsia. Eur J Hum Genet 18, 1006\u20131012 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e62969","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062969","volume":"8","author":"K Hogg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hogg, K., Blair, J. D., McFadden, D. E., von Dadelszen, P. & Robinson, W. P. Early onset pre-eclampsia is associated with altered DNA methylation of cortisol-signalling and steroidogenic genes in the placenta. PLoS One 8, e62969 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-11","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Double restriction-enzyme digestion improves the coverage and accuracy of genome-wide CpG methylation profiling by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. BMC Genomics 14, 11 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1655","volume":"6","author":"KD Robertson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Robertson, K. D. DNA methylation and human disease. Nat Rev Genet 6, 597\u2013610 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.2.13791","volume":"6","author":"ST Chelbi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chelbi, S. T. et al. Combination of promoter hypomethylation and PDX1 overexpression leads to TBX15 decrease in vascular IUGR placentas. Epigenetics 6, 247\u2013255 (2011).","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat048","volume":"19","author":"S Schrey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schrey, S. et al. Leptin is differentially expressed and epigenetically regulated across monochorionic twin placenta with discordant fetal growth. Mol Hum Reprod 19, 764\u2013772 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4096","volume":"33","author":"A Tzschoppe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tzschoppe, A. et al. DNA methylation of the p66Shc promoter is decreased in placental tissue from women delivering intrauterine growth restricted neonates. Prenat Diagn 33, 484\u2013491 (2013).","journal-title":"Prenat Diagn"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-597","volume":"12","author":"J Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. High resolution profiling of human exon methylation by liquid hybridization capture-based bisulfite sequencing. BMC Genomics 12, 597 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1177\/1533034614500416","volume":"14","author":"F Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao, F. et al. Clustering of Cancer Cell Lines Using A Promoter-Targeted Liquid Hybridization Capture-Based Bisulfite Sequencing Approach. Technol Cancer Res Treat 14, 383\u2013394 (2015).","journal-title":"Technol Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.2037511","volume":"25","author":"AM Deaton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deaton, A. M. & Bird, A. CpG islands and the regulation of transcription. Genes Dev 25, 1010\u20131022 (2011).","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1990","volume":"39","author":"M Weber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weber, M. et al. Distribution, silencing potential and evolutionary impact of promoter DNA methylation in the human genome. Nat Genet 39, 457\u2013466 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gat044","volume":"19","author":"JD Blair","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blair, J. D. et al. Widespread DNA hypomethylation at gene enhancer regions in placentas associated with early-onset pre-eclampsia. Mol Hum Reprod 19, 697\u2013708 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol Hum Reprod"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1170116","volume":"324","author":"M Tahiliani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tahiliani, M. et al. Conversion of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mammalian DNA by MLL partner TET1. Science 324, 930\u2013935 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1169786","volume":"324","author":"S Kriaucionis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kriaucionis, S. & Heintz, N. The nuclear DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is present in Purkinje neurons and the brain. Science 324, 929\u2013930 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008888","volume":"5","author":"Y Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang, Y. et al. The behaviour of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in bisulfite sequencing. PLoS One 5, e8888 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.316","volume":"2","author":"MC Haffner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haffner, M. C. et al. Global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine content is significantly reduced in tissue stem\/progenitor cell compartments and in human cancers. Oncotarget 2, 627\u2013637 (2011).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.07.033","volume":"150","author":"CG Lian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lian, C. G. et al. Loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is an epigenetic hallmark of melanoma. Cell 150, 1135\u20131146 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10102","volume":"473","author":"WA Pastor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pastor, W. A. et al. Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in embryonic stem cells. Nature 473, 394\u2013397 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.136598.111","volume":"22","author":"L Gordon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gordon, L. et al. Neonatal DNA methylation profile in human twins is specified by a complex interplay between intrauterine environmental and genetic factors, subject to tissue-specific influence. Genome Res 22, 1395\u20131406 (2012).","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl117","volume":"22","author":"R Suzuki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suzuki, R. & Shimodaira, H. Pvclust: an R package for assessing the uncertainty in hierarchical clustering. Bioinformatics 22, 1540\u20131542 (2006).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.286","volume":"41","author":"ZA Kaminsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaminsky, Z. A. et al. DNA methylation profiles in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Nat Genet 41, 240\u2013245 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-014-0254-7","volume":"31","author":"YW Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng, Y. W. et al. High incidence of LRAT promoter hypermethylation in colorectal cancer correlates with tumor stage. Med Oncol 31, 254 (2014).","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12236","volume":"22","author":"JC Hassel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hassel, J. C. et al. Lecithin retinol acyltransferase as a potential prognostic marker for malignant melanoma. Exp Dermatol 22, 757\u2013759 (2013).","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.6.3834","volume":"274","author":"A Ruiz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ruiz, A. et al. Molecular and biochemical characterization of lecithin retinol acyltransferase. J Biol Chem, 274, 3834\u20133841 (1999).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W741","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki475","volume":"33","author":"B Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Kirov, S. & Snoddy, J. WebGestalt: an integrated system for exploring gene sets in various biological contexts. Nucleic Acids Res 33, W741\u2013748 (2005).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.116327","volume":"140","author":"P Christian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christian, P. & Stewart, C. P. Maternal micronutrient deficiency, fetal development and the risk of chronic disease. J Nutr 140, 437\u2013445 (2010).","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grybek, V. et al. Methylation and transcripts expression at the imprinted GNAS locus in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. Stem Cell Reports 3, 432\u2013443 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.07.002"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03402003","volume":"8","author":"VT Tchernev","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tchernev, V. T. et al. The Chediak-Higashi protein interacts with SNARE complex and signal transduction proteins. Mol Med 8, 56\u201364 (2002).","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-380","volume":"11","author":"LC Neumann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neumann, L. C. et al. EFS shows biallelic methylation in uveal melanoma with poor prognosis as well as tissue-specific methylation. BMC Cancer 11, 380 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00242.2010","volume":"43","author":"X Ke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ke, X. et al. Intrauterine growth restriction affects hippocampal dual specificity phosphatase 5 gene expression and epigenetic characteristics. Physiol Genomics 43, 1160\u20131169 (2011).","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.09.009","volume":"26","author":"M Meller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meller, M., Vadachkoria, S., Luthy, D. A. & Williams, M. A. Evaluation of housekeeping genes in placental comparative expression studies. Placenta 26, 601\u2013607 (2005).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6275","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu347","volume":"23","author":"I Iglesias-Platas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iglesias-Platas, I. et al. Altered expression of the imprinted transcription factor PLAGL1 deregulates a network of genes in the human IUGR placenta. Hum Mol Genet 23, 6275\u20136285 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandesompele, J. et al. Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes. Genome Biol 3, RESEARCH0034 (2002).","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.471","volume":"41","author":"A Doi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Doi, A. et al. Differential methylation of tissue- and cancer-specific CpG island shores distinguishes human induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. Nat Genet 41, 1350\u20131353 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.298","volume":"41","author":"RA Irizarry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Irizarry, R. A. et al. The human colon cancer methylome shows similar hypo- and hypermethylation at conserved tissue-specific CpG island shores. Nat Genet 41, 178\u2013186 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/11.10.3087","volume":"11","author":"MA Gama-Sosa","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gama-Sosa, M. A., Wang, R. Y., Kuo, K. C., Gehrke, C. W. & Ehrlich, M. The 5-methylcytosine content of highly repeated sequences in human DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 11, 3087\u20133095 (1983).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1982","volume":"8","author":"YM Lo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lo, Y. M. & Chiu, R. W. Prenatal diagnosis: progress through plasma nucleic acids. Nat Rev Genet 8, 71\u201377 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121249109","volume":"109","author":"LL Lam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lam, L. L. et al. Factors underlying variable DNA methylation in a human community cohort. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109 Suppl 2, 17253\u201317260 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.07060421.x","volume":"7","author":"W Sepulveda","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sepulveda, W., Sebire, N. J., Hughes, K., Odibo, A. & Nicolaides, K. H. The lambda sign at 10\u201314 weeks of gestation as a predictor of chorionicity in twin pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 7, 421\u2013423 (1996).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.4046","volume":"30","author":"E Gratacos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gratacos, E. et al. A classification system for selective intrauterine growth restriction in monochorionic pregnancies according to umbilical artery Doppler flow in the smaller twin. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30, 28\u201334 (2007).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.12.019","volume":"36","author":"GL Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, G. L. et al. Discordant HIF1A mRNA levels and oxidative stress in placental shares of monochorionic twins with selective intra-uterine growth restriction. Placenta 36, 297\u2013303 (2015).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"BFsrep20181_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-232","volume":"10","author":"Y Xi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xi, Y. & Li, W. BSMAP: whole genome bisulfite sequence MAPping program. BMC Bioinformatics 10, 232 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20181.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20181","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20181.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T03:28:45Z","timestamp":1718335725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20181"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep20181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep20181","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"20181"}}