{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:26:12Z","timestamp":1792524372687,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454544000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic inflammation promotes cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory connective tissue diseases (CTD) like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis associate with cardiovascular risk, but it is unknown whether particular groups of patients have enhanced propensity for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) associated with their CTD. Analysis of aggregate health record data at a large U.S. academic center identified CTD and ASCVD status for 287,467 African American and white adults. ASCVD prevalence in those with CTD was 29.7% for African Americans and 14.7% for white patients with prevalence ratios, compared to those without CTD, of 3.1 and 1.8, respectively. When different types of CTD were analyzed individually (rheumatoid arthritis; lupus; scleroderma; Sj\u00f6gren Syndrome; dermatomyositis\/polymyositis; unspecified\/mixed CTD; other inflammatory arthropathy), increased ASCVD rates were found in nearly all subsets, always with higher prevalence ratios in African Americans. The prevalence ratio of ASCVD was particularly high in young African Americans. Furthermore, individuals lacking traditional cardiovascular risk factors had more ASCVD if they had CTD (prevalence ratio 2.9). Multivariate analysis confirmed a positive interaction between CTD and African-American race and a negative interaction between CTD and age. The factors driving the observed disproportionate CTD-associated ASCVD in African Americans, young adults and those without traditional risk factors warrant further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T10:46:17Z","timestamp":1454582777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["The Prevalence of Atherosclerosis in Those with Inflammatory Connective Tissue Disease by Race, Age and Traditional Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Francis J.","family":"Alenghat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10146","volume":"473","author":"P Libby","year":"2011","unstructured":"Libby, P., Ridker, P. M. & Hansson, G. K. Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis. Nature 473, 317\u2013325 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2013.03.018","volume":"166","author":"BM Everett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Everett, B. M. et al. Rationale and design of the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial: a test of the inflammatory hypothesis of atherothrombosis. Am. Heart J. 166, 199\u2013207 e115 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807646","volume":"359","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ridker, P. M. et al. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 2195\u20132207 (2008).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021993","volume":"347","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Rose, L., Buring, J. E. & Cook, N. R. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 1557\u20131565 (2002).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.066","volume":"47","author":"S Tsimikas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tsimikas, S., Willerson, J. T. & Ridker, P. M. C-reactive protein and other emerging blood biomarkers to optimize risk stratification of vulnerable patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 47, C19\u201331 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.10.027","volume":"61","author":"SM Nidorf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nidorf, S. M., Eikelboom, J. W., Budgeon, C. A. & Thompson, P. L. Low-dose colchicine for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 61, 404\u2013410 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.06.012","volume":"162","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ridker, P. M., Thuren, T., Zalewski, A. & Libby, P. Interleukin-1beta inhibition and the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events: rationale and design of the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS). Am. Heart J. 162, 597\u2013605 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.120736","volume":"40","author":"L Barra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barra, L. et al. Anticitrullinated protein antibodies and rheumatoid factor fluctuate in early inflammatory arthritis and do not predict clinical outcomes. J. Rheumatol. 40, 1259\u20131267 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.050377","volume":"65","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solomon, D. H. et al. Patterns of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65, 1608\u20131612 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24092","volume":"59","author":"JA Avina-Zubieta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Avina-Zubieta, J. A. et al. Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Rheum. 59, 1690\u20131697 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24537","volume":"61","author":"AE Hak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hak, A. E., Karlson, E. W., Feskanich, D., Stampfer, M. J. & Costenbader, K. H. Systemic lupus erythematosus and the risk of cardiovascular disease: results from the nurses\u2019 health study. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 1396\u20131402 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-060911-090007","volume":"64","author":"JM Kahlenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kahlenberg, J. M. & Kaplan, M. J. Mechanisms of premature atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Annu. Rev. Med. 64, 249\u2013263 (2013).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.75","volume":"7","author":"DP Symmons","year":"2011","unstructured":"Symmons, D. P. & Gabriel, S. E. Epidemiology of CVD in rheumatic disease, with a focus on RA and SLE. Nature reviews. Rheumatology 7, 399\u2013408 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature reviews. Rheumatology"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R131","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3442","volume":"13","author":"L Innala","year":"2011","unstructured":"Innala, L. et al. Cardiovascular events in early RA are a result of inflammatory burden and traditional risk factors: a five year prospective study. Arthritis Res Ther 13, R131 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seferovic, P. M. et al. Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 45 Suppl 4, iv39-42 (2006).","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel315"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.059","volume":"47","author":"GS Bhatia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bhatia, G. S. et al. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction in rheumatoid disease: an unrecognized burden? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 47, 1169\u20131174 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20855","volume":"52","author":"PJ Nicola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nicola, P. J. et al. The risk of congestive heart failure in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study over 46 years. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 412\u2013420 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20853","volume":"52","author":"H Maradit-Kremers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maradit-Kremers, H. et al. Increased unrecognized coronary heart disease and sudden deaths in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 402\u2013411 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.14306","volume":"308","author":"MM Safford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Safford, M. M. et al. Association of race and sex with risk of incident acute coronary heart disease events. JAMA 308, 1768\u20131774 (2012).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.960468","volume":"4","author":"SV Arnold","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arnold, S. V. et al. Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients\u2019 Health Status (TRIUMPH): design and rationale of a prospective multicenter registry. Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes 4, 467\u2013476 (2011).","journal-title":"Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.04.051","volume":"46","author":"A Khera","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khera, A. et al. Race and gender differences in C-reactive protein levels. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 46, 464\u2013469 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.131.suppl_2.o29","volume":"131","author":"D Mozaffarian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mozaffarian, D. et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 131, e29\u2013e322 (2015).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12A","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.11.011","volume":"97","author":"KC Ferdinand","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ferdinand, K. C. Coronary artery disease in minority racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Am. J. Cardiol. 97, 12A\u201319A (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11911-8","volume":"360","author":"S Lewington","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lewington, S. et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 360, 1903\u20131913 (2002).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380200061022","volume":"256","author":"J Stamler","year":"1986","unstructured":"Stamler, J., Wentworth, D. & Neaton, J. D. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). JAMA 256, 2823\u20132828 (1986).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.13.1422","volume":"164","author":"T Almdal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Almdal, T., Scharling, H., Jensen, J. S. & Vestergaard, H. The independent effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on ischemic heart disease, stroke and death: a population-based study of 13,000 men and women with 20 years of follow-up. Arch. Intern. Med. 164, 1422\u20131426 (2004).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7137.1043","volume":"316","author":"E Prescott","year":"1998","unstructured":"Prescott, E., Hippe, M., Schnohr, P., Hein, H. O. & Vestbo, J. Smoking and risk of myocardial infarction in women and men: longitudinal population study. BMJ 316, 1043\u20131047 (1998).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes243","volume":"52","author":"KP Liao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liao, K. P. & Solomon, D. H. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 52, 45\u201352 (2013).","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035471","volume":"349","author":"MJ Roman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Roman, M. J. et al. Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 2399\u20132406 (2003).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R7","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4135","volume":"15","author":"E Linos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Linos, E., Fiorentino, D., Lingala, B., Krishnan, E. & Chung, L. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and dermatomyositis: an analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample survey. Arthritis Res Ther 15, R7 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009122","volume":"145","author":"S Manzi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Manzi, S. et al. Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 145, 408\u2013415 (1997).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39195","volume":"67","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Solomon, D. H. et al. Derivation and internal validation of an expanded cardiovascular risk prediction score for rheumatoid arthritis: a Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America Registry Study. Arthritis & rheumatology 67, 1995\u20132003 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis & rheumatology"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.05.024","volume":"161","author":"J Ahearn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ahearn, J., Shields, K. J., Liu, C. C. & Manzi, S. Cardiovascular disease biomarkers across autoimmune diseases. Clin. Immunol. 161, 59\u201363 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-003-0357-5","volume":"24","author":"H Evrengul","year":"2004","unstructured":"Evrengul, H. et al. Heart rate variability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol. Int. 24, 198\u2013202 (2004).","journal-title":"Rheumatol. Int."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39609.449676.25","volume":"336","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox, J. et al. Predicting cardiovascular risk in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QRISK2. BMJ 336, 1475\u20131482 (2008).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103","volume":"27","author":"P Braveman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braveman, P. Health disparities and health equity: concepts and measurement. Annu. Rev. Public Health 27, 167\u2013194 (2006).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Public Health"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-8-200410190-00011","volume":"141","author":"SS Rathore","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rathore, S. S. & Krumholz, H. M. Differences, disparities and biases: clarifying racial variations in health care use. Ann. Intern. Med. 141, 635\u2013638 (2004).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20525","volume":"63","author":"JL Barton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barton, J. L. et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in disease activity and function among persons with rheumatoid arthritis from university-affiliated clinics. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 63, 1238\u20131246 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-011-6367-8","volume":"26","author":"KC Ferdinand","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferdinand, K. C. & Townsend, R. R. Hypertension in the US Black population: risk factors, complications and potential impact of central aortic pressure on effective treatment. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 26, 157\u2013165 (2012).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.09.013","volume":"187","author":"MJ Budoff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Budoff, M. J. et al. Ethnic differences of the presence and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 187, 343\u2013350 (2006).","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.06.001","volume":"17","author":"H Kramer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kramer, H. et al. Racial\/ethnic differences in hypertension and hypertension treatment and control in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Am. J. Hypertens. 17, 963\u2013970 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR42","first-page":"1475","volume":"34","author":"B Bruce","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bruce, B., Fries, J. F. & Murtagh, K. N. Health status disparities in ethnic minority patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. J. Rheumatol. 34, 1475\u20131479 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12873","volume":"506","author":"Y Okada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okada, Y. et al. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery. Nature 506, 376\u2013381 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR44","first-page":"826095","volume":"2014","author":"A Solomon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Solomon, A. et al. Cardiovascular disease risk amongst African black patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the need for population specific stratification. BioMed research international 2014, 826095 (2014).","journal-title":"BioMed research international"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091032","volume":"37","author":"A Solomon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Solomon, A., Christian, B. F., Norton, G. R., Woodiwiss, A. J. & Dessein, P. H. Risk factor profiles for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in black and other Africans with established rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 37, 953\u2013960 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2009.09.003","volume":"105","author":"AV Ambardekar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ambardekar, A. V. et al. Quality of care and in-hospital outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease in rural and urban hospitals (from Get With the Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease Program). Am. J. Cardiol. 105, 139\u2013143 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38981","volume":"67","author":"JA Gomez-Puerta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomez-Puerta, J. A. et al. Racial\/Ethnic variation in all-cause mortality among United States medicaid recipients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a Hispanic and asian paradox. Arthritis & rheumatology 67, 752\u2013760 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis & rheumatology"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20674","volume":"64","author":"DH Solomon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Solomon, D. H. et al. Use of disease-modifying medications for rheumatoid arthritis by race and ethnicity in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 64, 184\u2013189 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.11.1071","volume":"62","author":"A Doria","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doria, A. et al. Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in a prospective cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 62, 1071\u20131077 (2003).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-5922.2010.00159.x","volume":"29","author":"LE Full","year":"2011","unstructured":"Full, L. E. & Monaco, C. Targeting inflammation as a therapeutic strategy in accelerated atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Cardiovascular therapeutics 29, 231\u2013242 (2011).","journal-title":"Cardiovascular therapeutics"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R116","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2323","volume":"9","author":"S Hannawi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hannawi, S., Haluska, B., Marwick, T. H. & Thomas, R. Atherosclerotic disease is increased in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis: a critical role for inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 9, R116 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.06.054","volume":"108","author":"R Micha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Micha, R. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of methotrexate use and risk of cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Cardiol. 108, 1362\u20131370 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R127","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4584","volume":"16","author":"L Ljung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ljung, L., Askling, J., Rantapaa-Dahlqvist, S., Jacobsson, L. & Group, A. S. The risk of acute coronary syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis in relation to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors and the risk in the general population: a national cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 16, R127 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20371","volume":"63","author":"C Barnabe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barnabe, C., Martin, B. J. & Ghali, W. A. Systematic review and meta-analysis: anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy and cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 63, 522\u2013529 (2011).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21643","volume":"64","author":"MA De Vera","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Vera, M. A., Choi, H., Abrahamowicz, M., Kopec, J. & Lacaille, D. Impact of statin discontinuation on mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 64, 809\u2013816 (2012).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR56","unstructured":"Stone, N. J. et al. 2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 129, S1-45 (2014)."},{"key":"BFsrep20303_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.296.6632.1313","volume":"296","author":"JA Morris","year":"1988","unstructured":"Morris, J. A. & Gardner, M. J. Calculating confidence intervals for relative risks (odds ratios) and standardised ratios and rates. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed). 296, 1313\u20131316 (1988).","journal-title":"Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20303.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20303","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20303.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T03:10:24Z","timestamp":1672888224000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,22]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep20303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep20303","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 September 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The author declares no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"20303"}}