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Here we investigated serological profiles against human and avian influenza viruses in the general population using a protein microarray platform. We hypothesized that higher antibody diversity across recent H1 and H3 influenza viruses would be associated with heterosubtypic reactivity to older pandemic- and AI viruses. We found significant heterogeneity in antibody profiles. Increased antibody diversity to seasonal influenza viruses was associated with low-level heterosubtypic antibodies to H9 and H7, but not to H5 AI virus. Individuals exposed to the recent 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic showed higher heterosubtypic reactivity. We show that there is a complex interplay between prior exposures to seasonal and recent pandemic influenza viruses and the development of heterosubtypic antibody reactivity to animal influenza viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T10:28:42Z","timestamp":1454927322000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Changes in heterosubtypic antibody responses during the first year of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Gudrun S.","family":"Freidl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henk-Jan","family":"van den Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej F.","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erwin","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion P.G.","family":"Koopmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep20385_CR1","first-page":"25","volume":"115","author":"RB Couch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Couch, R. 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