{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T06:08:06Z","timestamp":1771567686451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liver fibrosis is one of the most serious consequences of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential anti-fibrotic effect of human Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) combined with praziquantel (PZQ) in <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>-infected mice. <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>-infected mice received early (8<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> week post infection) and late (16<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> week post infection) treatment with WJMSCs, alone and combined with oral PZQ. At the 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> month post infection, livers were collected for subsequent flow cytometric, histopathological, morphometric, immunohistochemical, gene expression, and gelatin zymographic studies. After transplantation, WJMSCs differentiated into functioning liver-like cells as evidenced by their ability to express human hepatocyte-specific markers. Regression of <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>-induced liver fibrosis was also observed in transplanted groups, as evidenced by histopathological, morphometric, and gelatin zymographic results besides decreased expression of three essential contributors to liver fibrosis in this particular model; alpha smooth muscle actin, collagen-I, and interleukin-13. PZQ additionally enhanced the beneficial effects observed in WJMSCs-treated groups. Our results suggest that combining WJMSCs to PZQ caused better enhancement in <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic>-induced liver fibrosis, compared to using each alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]],"date-time":"2016-02-15T10:42:29Z","timestamp":1455532949000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with praziquantel as a potential therapy for Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Olfat A.","family":"Hammam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nagwa","family":"Elkhafif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen M.","family":"Attia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed T.","family":"Mansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Elmazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rania M.","family":"Abdelsalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanaa A.","family":"Kenawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiman S.","family":"El-Khatib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(00)01626-1","volume":"21","author":"AW Cheever","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cheever, A. W., Hoffmann, K. F. & Wynn, T. A. Immunopathology of schistosomiasis mansoni in mice and men. Immunol Today 21, 465\u2013466 (2000).","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200012000-00014","volume":"13","author":"D Cioli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cioli, D. Praziquantel: is there real resistance and are there alternatives? Curr Opin Infect Dis 13, 659\u2013663 (2000).","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-8579(94)90032-9","volume":"4","author":"V Kumar","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kumar, V. & Gryseels, B. Use of praziquantel against schistosomiasis: a review of current status. Int J Antimicrob Agents 4, 313\u2013320 (1994).","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20247","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020247","volume":"6","author":"YJ Liang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liang, Y. J. et al. New insight into the antifibrotic effects of praziquantel on mice in infection with Schistosoma japonicum. PLoS One 6, e20247 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2011.09.010","volume":"272","author":"C Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou, C. et al. Immunomodulatory effect of human umbilical cord Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells on lymphocytes. Cell Immunol 272, 33\u201338 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2003.07.005","volume":"33","author":"K Stenderup","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stenderup, K., Justesen, J., Clausen, C. & Kassem, M. Aging is associated with decreased maximal life span and accelerated senescence of bone marrow stromal cells. Bone 33, 919\u2013926 (2003).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0330","volume":"24","author":"ML Weiss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weiss, M. L. et al. Human umbilical cord matrix stem cells: preliminary characterization and effect of transplantation in a rodent model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Stem Cells 24, 781\u2013792 (2006).","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1962.11.201","volume":"11","author":"J Pellegrino","year":"1962","unstructured":"Pellegrino, J., Oliveira, C. A., Faria, J. & Cunha, A. S. New approach to the screening of drugs in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni in mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 11, 201\u2013215 (1962).","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR9","first-page":"132","volume":"16","author":"JC Holanda","year":"1974","unstructured":"Holanda, J. C., Pellegrino, J. & Gazzinelli, G. Infection of mice with cercariae and schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni by intravenous and subcutaneous routes. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 16, 132\u2013134 (1974).","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-011-9480-x","volume":"48","author":"P Salehinejad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salehinejad, P. et al. Comparison of different methods for the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord Wharton\u2019s jelly. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 48, 75\u201383 (2012).","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600735933","volume":"8","author":"EJ Gang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gang, E. J. et al. In vitro endothelial potential of human UC blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotherapy 8, 215\u2013227 (2006).","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2010.02693.x","volume":"119","author":"N Elkhafif","year":"2011","unstructured":"Elkhafif, N. et al. CD133(+) human umbilical cord blood stem cells enhance angiogenesis in experimental chronic hepatic fibrosis. APMIS 119, 66\u201375 (2011).","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00389899","volume":"52","author":"R Gonnert","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gonnert, R. & Andrews, P. Praziquantel, a new board-spectrum antischistosomal agent. Z Parasitenkd 52, 129\u2013150 (1977).","journal-title":"Z Parasitenkd"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR14","first-page":"711","volume":"41","author":"L Von","year":"1962","unstructured":"Von L. Host response to eggs of S. mansoni. I. Granuloma formation in the unsensitized laboratory mouse. Am J Pathol 41, 711\u2013731 (1962).","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01002772","volume":"11","author":"LC Junqueira","year":"1979","unstructured":"Junqueira, L. C., Bignolas, G. & Brentani, R. R. Picrosirius staining plus polarization microscopy, a specific method for collagen detection in tissue sections. Histochem J 11, 447\u2013455 (1979).","journal-title":"Histochem J"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/29.4.6166661","volume":"29","author":"SM Hsu","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hsu, S. M., Raine, L. & Fanger, H. Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparison between ABC and unlabeled antibody (PAP) procedures. J Histochem Cytochem 29, 577\u2013580 (1981).","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak, K. J. & Schmittgen, T. D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25, 402\u2013408 (2001).","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-005-8672-8","volume":"22","author":"AM Pereira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pereira, A. M., Strasberg-Rieber, M. & Rieber, M. Invasion-associated MMP-2 and MMP-9 are up-regulated intracellularly in concert with apoptosis linked to melanoma cell detachment. Clin Exp Metastasis 22, 285\u2013295 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR19","first-page":"6","volume":"9","author":"MN Hoda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoda, M. N. et al. A 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial design for the combination therapy of minocycline and remote ischemic perconditioning: efficacy in a preclinical trial in murine thromboembolic stroke model. Exp Transl Stroke Med 9, 6\u201310 (2014).","journal-title":"Exp Transl Stroke Med"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3151-z","volume":"111","author":"W Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, W., Wang, L. & Liang, Y. S. Susceptibility or resistance of praziquantel in human schistosomiasis: a review. Parasitol Res 111, 1871\u20131877 (2012).","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3309","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2011.0723","volume":"21","author":"J De Kock","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Kock, J. et al. Mesoderm-derived stem cells: the link between the transcriptome and their differentiation potential. Stem Cells Dev 21, 3309\u20133323 (2012).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2013.06.014","volume":"28","author":"K Buyl","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buyl, K. et al. Characterization of hepatic markers in human Wharton\u2019s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Toxicol In Vitro 28, 113\u2013119 (2014).","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.2.307","volume":"141","author":"JA Last","year":"1990","unstructured":"Last, J. A., King, T. E., Jr., Nerlich, A. G. & Reiser, K. M. Collagen cross-linking in adult patients with acute and chronic fibrotic lung disease. Molecular markers for fibrotic collagen. Am Rev Respir Dis 141, 307\u2013313 (1990).","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","volume":"8","author":"M Dominici","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dominici, M. et al. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 8, 315\u2013317 (2006).","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240903051533","volume":"11","author":"YN Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. N., Lie, P. C. & Wei, X. Differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from umbilical cord Wharton\u2019s jelly into hepatocyte-like cells. Cytotherapy 11, 548\u2013558 (2009).","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(12)60193-3","volume":"11","author":"XB Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu, X. B. & Tao, R. Hepatocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 11, 360\u2013371 (2012).","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21715","volume":"15","author":"PC Tsai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsai, P. C. et al. The therapeutic potential of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton\u2019s jelly in the treatment of rat liver fibrosis. Liver Transpl 15, 484\u2013495 (2009).","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.3727\/096368910X514198","volume":"19","author":"SZ Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin, S. Z. et al. Transplantation of human Wharton\u2019s Jelly-derived stem cells alleviates chemically induced liver fibrosis in rats. Cell Transplant 19, 1451\u20131463 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.04.156","volume":"422","author":"J Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. In vivo hepatic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord blood after transplantation into mice with liver injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 422, 539\u2013545 (2012).","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20469","volume":"40","author":"KD Lee","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lee, K. D. et al. In vitro hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Hepatology 40, 1275\u20131284 (2004).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.03.086","volume":"330","author":"SH Hong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hong, S. H. et al. In vitro differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 330, 1153\u20131161 (2005).","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80065-2","volume":"29","author":"T Roskams","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roskams, T. et al. Hepatic OV-6 expression in human liver disease and rat experiments: evidence for hepatic progenitor cells in man. J Hepatol 29, 455\u2013463 (1998).","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2008.00287.x","volume":"76","author":"PA Lysy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lysy, P. A., Smets, F., Najimi, M. & Sokal, E. M. Leukemia inhibitory factor contributes to hepatocyte-like differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation 76, 1057\u20131067 (2008).","journal-title":"Differentiation"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-7915(95)80095-6","volume":"7","author":"TA Wynn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wynn, T. A. & Cheever, A. W. Cytokine regulation of granuloma formation in schistosomiasis. Curr Opin Immunol 7, 505\u2013511 (1995).","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR35","first-page":"753483","volume":"2014","author":"J Tang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tang, J. et al. Involvement of IL-13 and tissue transglutaminase in liver granuloma and fibrosis after schistosoma japonicum infection. Mediators Inflamm 2014, 753483 (2014).","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2014.04.004","volume":"142","author":"Y Yao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yao, Y., Zhou, C. & Chu D. The effect of recombinant sTGFbeta1RII and sIL13Ralpha2 receptor proteins on schistosomiasis japonica, hepatic fibrosis and signal transduction in a mouse model of schistosome disease. Exp Parasitol 142, 17\u201326 (2014).","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2005.01087.x","volume":"25","author":"R Sugimoto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sugimoto, R. et al. Effect of IL-4 and IL-13 on collagen production in cultured LI90 human hepatic stellate cells. Liver Int 25, 420\u2013428 (2005).","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22934","volume":"50","author":"HL Weng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weng, H. L. et al. The etiology of liver damage imparts cytokines transforming growth factor beta1 or interleukin-13 as driving forces in fibrogenesis. Hepatology 50, 230\u2013243 (2009).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840020313","volume":"2","author":"CH Wu","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wu, C. H., Giambrone, M. A., Howard, D. J., Rojkind, M. & Wu, G. Y. The nature of the collagen in hepatic fibrosis in advanced murine schistosomiasis. Hepatology 2, 366\u2013371 (1982).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(83)90085-3","volume":"9","author":"N Hutadilok","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hutadilok, N., Thamavit, W., Upatham, E. S. & Ruenwongsa, P. Liver procollagen prolyl hydroxylase in Opisthorchis viverrini infected hamsters after praziquantel administration. Mol Biochem Parasitol 9, 289\u2013295 (1983).","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(62)90075-5","volume":"56","author":"KS Warren","year":"1962","unstructured":"Warren, K. S. The influence of treatment on the development and course of murine hepato-splenic schistosomiasis mansoni. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 56, 510\u2013519 (1962).","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1986.11812004","volume":"80","author":"SS Botros","year":"1986","unstructured":"Botros, S. S., el-Badrawy, N., Metwally, A. A. & Khayyal, M. T. Study of some immunopharmacological properties of praziquantel in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 80, 189\u2013196 (1986).","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1258\/ebm.2012.011362","volume":"237","author":"H Xu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xu, H. et al. Mesenchymal stem cells relieve fibrosis of Schistosoma japonicum-induced mouse liver injury. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 237, 585\u2013592 (2012).","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-013-0219-1","volume":"8","author":"M Tsang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsang, M. Mesenchymal cells emerge as primary contributors to fibrosis in multiple tissues. J Cell Commun Signal 8, 3\u20134 (2014).","journal-title":"J Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090517","volume":"176","author":"BD Humphreys","year":"2010","unstructured":"Humphreys, B. D. et al. Fate tracing reveals the pericyte and not epithelial origin of myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis. Am J Pathol 176, 85\u201397 (2010).","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201212-2297OC","volume":"188","author":"C Hung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hung, C. et al. Role of lung pericytes and resident fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188, 820\u2013830 (2013).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.04.118","volume":"332","author":"M Ishii","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ishii, M. et al. Molecular markers distinguish bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332, 297\u2013303 (2005).","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.12.024","volume":"134","author":"D Campard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Campard, D., Lysy, P. A., Najimi, M. & Sokal, E. M. Native umbilical cord matrix stem cells express hepatic markers and differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. Gastroenterology 134, 833\u2013848 (2008).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-007-9311-7","volume":"25","author":"Y Iimuro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iimuro, Y. & Brenner, D. A. Matrix metalloproteinase gene delivery for liver fibrosis. Pharm Res 25, 249\u2013258 (2008).","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2013.10.003","volume":"34","author":"TP Lozito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lozito, T. P., Jackson, W. M., Nesti, L. J. & Tuan, R. S. Human mesenchymal stem cells generate a distinct pericellular zone of MMP activities via binding of MMPs and secretion of high levels of TIMPs. Matrix Biol 34, 132\u2013143 (2014).","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1159\/000047143","volume":"80","author":"K Sobolewski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sobolewski, K., Galewska, Z., Wolanska, M. & Jaworski, S. The activity of collagen-degrading enzymes of Wharton\u2019s jelly in EPH gestosis (pre-eclampsia). Biol Neonate 80, 202\u2013209 (2001).","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0019-2805.2004.01817.x","volume":"111","author":"KP Singh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singh, K. P., Gerard, H. C., Hudson, A. P. & Boros, D. L. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during the resorption of schistosome egg-induced fibrosis in praziquantel-treated mice. Immunology 111, 343\u2013352 (2004).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1040452","volume":"10","author":"D Schuppan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schuppan, D. Structure of extracellular matrix in normal and fibrotic liver: collagens and glycoproteins. Semin Liver Dis 10, 1\u201310 (1990).","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01060.x","volume":"16","author":"AD Burt","year":"1990","unstructured":"Burt, A. D., Griffiths, M. R., Schuppan, D., Voss, B. & MacSween, R. N. Ultrastructural localization of extracellular matrix proteins in liver biopsies using ultracryomicrotomy and immuno-gold labelling. Histopathology 16, 53\u201358 (1990).","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.5b00110","volume":"54","author":"MJ Stawikowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stawikowski, M. J., Stawikowska, R. & Fields, G. B. Collagenolytic Matrix Metalloproteinase Activities toward Peptomeric Triple-Helical Substrates. Biochemistry 54, 3110\u20133121 (2015).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142","volume":"21","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wynn, T. A. IL-13 effector functions. Annu Rev Immunol 21, 425\u2013456 (2003).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21005_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2277","volume":"214","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wynn, T. A. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of fibrosis J Pathol 214, 199\u2013210 (2008).","journal-title":"J Pathol"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/srep32052","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,2]],"date-time":"2016-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472774400000}}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21005.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21005","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21005.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T03:36:13Z","timestamp":1672889773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,24]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep21005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep21005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 June 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2016","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A correction has been published and is appended to both the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21005"}}