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Dianthraquinones such as hypericin (Hyp) selectively accumulate in necrotic myocardium, but were unsuitable for early imaging after administration to assess myocardial viability. Since dianthraquinones can be composed by coupling two molecules of monomeric anthraquinone and the active center can be found by splitting chemical structure, we propose that monomeric anthraquinones may be effective functional groups for necrosis targetability. In this study, eight radioiodinated monomeric anthraquinones were evaluated as novel necrosis avid agents (NAAs) for imaging of necrotic myocardium. All<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I-anthraquinones showed high affinity to necrotic tissues and<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I-rhein emerged as the most promising compound. Infarcts were visualized on SPECT\/CT images at 6\u2009h after injection of<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I-rhein, which was earlier than that with<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I-Hyp. Moreover,<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I-rhein showed satisfactory heart-to-blood, heart-to-liver and heart-to-lung ratios for obtaining images of good diagnostic quality.<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I-rhein was a more promising \u201chot spot imaging\u201d tracer for earlier visualization of necrotic myocardium than<jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>I-Hyp, which supported further development of radiopharmaceuticals based on rhein for SPECT\/CT (<jats:sup>123<\/jats:sup>I and<jats:sup>99m<\/jats:sup>Tc) or PET\/CT imaging (<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F and<jats:sup>124<\/jats:sup>I) of myocardial necrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]],"date-time":"2016-02-16T12:34:22Z","timestamp":1455626062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Discovery of Radioiodinated Monomeric Anthraquinones as a Novel Class of Necrosis Avid Agents for Early Imaging of Necrotic Myocardium"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengwei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cuihua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jindian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiaomei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanbo","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep21341_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Global, regional and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. 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