{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:29:53Z","timestamp":1788280193573,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The objective of this study was to evaluate the stimulatory effects of\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    SQR9 on dendritic cells (DCs) and to verify its ability to enhance the immune response by modulating DC maturation. The results demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>B. amyloliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    SQR9 can adhere to the nasal epithelium and be taken up by DCs in the nasal mucosa, thereby inducing DC maturation and resulting in increased CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHCII expression and cytokine secretion. The frequencies of CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells and CD69\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    memory T cells were increased in spleens after nasal immunization with virus plus\n                    <jats:italic>B. amyloliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    SQR9 compared to immunization with inactivated H9N2 AIV alone. Moreover, the levels of sIgA in the nasal cavity, the trachea, and the lung and the levels of IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a in serum were significantly increased in mice administered WIV plus SQR9 compared to mice administered H9N2 WIV alone. The results of this study demonstrated that\n                    <jats:italic>B. amyloliquefaciens<\/jats:italic>\n                    SQR9 can stimulate DC maturation to effectively induce an immune response. In conclusion, an effective immune response may result from the uptake of H9N2 by DCs in the nasal mucosa, thereby stimulating DC maturation and migration to cervical lymph nodes to initiate immune response.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T05:25:38Z","timestamp":1455859538000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 induces dendritic cell maturation and enhances the immune response against inactivated avian influenza virus"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lulu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YinYan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481651","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/481651","volume":"2013","author":"M Kechagia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kechagia, M. et al. Health benefits of probiotics: a review. ISRN Nutr 2013, 481651 (2013).","journal-title":"ISRN Nutr"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.01.005","volume":"34","author":"P van Baarlen","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Baarlen, P., Wells, J. M. & Kleerebezem, M. Regulation of intestinal homeostasis and immunity with probiotic lactobacilli. Trends Immunol 34, 208\u2013215 (2013).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-014-0984-x","volume":"51","author":"JH Shao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shao, J. H., Xu, Z. H., Zhang, N., Shen, Q. R. & Zhang, R. F. Contribution of indole-3-acetic acid in the plant growth promotion by the rhizospheric strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 (vol 51, pg 321, 2015). Biol Fert Soils 51, 331\u2013331 (2015).","journal-title":"Biol Fert Soils"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/17450391003691534","volume":"64","author":"M Overland","year":"2010","unstructured":"Overland, M., Tauson, A. H., Shearer, K. & Skrede, A. Evaluation of methane-utilising bacteria products as feed ingredients for monogastric animals. Arch Anim Nutr 64, 171\u2013189 (2010).","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.028","volume":"31","author":"ZQ Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao, Z. Q. et al. WH1fungin a surfactin cyclic lipopeptide is a novel oral immunoadjuvant. Vaccine 31, 2796\u20132803 (2013).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.016","volume":"30","author":"M Song","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song, M. et al. Killed Bacillus subtilis spores as a mucosal adjuvant for an H5N1 vaccine. Vaccine 30, 3266\u20133277 (2012).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00686-08","volume":"76","author":"TH Hoang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoang, T. H., Hong, H. A., Clark, G. C., Titball, R. W. & Cutting, S. M. Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Expressing the Clostridium perfringens Alpha Toxoid Is a Candidate Orally Delivered Vaccine against Necrotic Enteritis. Infect Immun 76, 5257\u20135265 (2008).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00135-10","volume":"17","author":"S Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, S. et al. Development of a Bacillus subtilis-Based Rotavirus Vaccine. Clin Vaccine Immunol 17, 1647\u20131655 (2010).","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.03943-13","volume":"80","author":"ZH Xu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xu, Z. H. et al. Enhanced Control of Cucumber Wilt Disease by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 by Altering the Regulation of Its DegU Phosphorylation. Appl Environ Microb 80, 2941\u20132950 (2014).","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000155","volume":"31","author":"E Schiavi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schiavi, E., Smolinska, S. & O\u2019Mahony, L. Intestinal dendritic cells. Curr Opin Gastroen 31, 98\u2013103 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroen"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/32588","volume":"392","author":"J Banchereau","year":"1998","unstructured":"Banchereau, J. & Steinman, R. M. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392, 245\u2013252 (1998).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25680","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011615200","volume":"276","author":"KS Michelsen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Michelsen, K. S. et al. The role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in bacteria-induced maturation of murine dendritic cells (DCs) - Peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid are inducers of DC maturation and require TLR2. J Biol Chem 276, 25680\u201325686 (2001).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2010.05.007","volume":"31","author":"XL Feng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feng, X. L. et al. Isolation and potential immunological characterization of TPSGLVY, a novel bursal septpeptide isolated from the bursa of Fabricius. Peptides 31, 1562\u20131568 (2010).","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.4.1091","volume":"176","author":"RA Seder","year":"1992","unstructured":"Seder, R. A., Paul, W. E., Davis, M. M. & Fazekas De St Groth, B. The Presence of Interleukin-4 during In vitro Priming Determines the Lymphokine-Producing Potential of Cd4+ T-Cells from T-Cell Receptor Transgenic Mice. J Exp Med 176, 1091\u20131098 (1992).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001960","volume":"186","author":"ENB Ghanem","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ghanem, E. N. B., Nelson, C. C. & D\u2019Orazio, S. E. F. T Cell-Intrinsic Factors Contribute to the Differential Ability of CD8(+) T Cells To Rapidly Secrete IFN-gamma in the Absence of Antigen. J Immunol 186, 1703\u20131712 (2011).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002902","volume":"187","author":"XL Ding","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ding, X. L. et al. TNF Receptor 1 Mediates Dendritic Cell Maturation and CD8 T Cell Response through Two Distinct Mechanisms. J Immunol 187, 1184\u20131191 (2011).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12162","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211423598","volume":"98","author":"JM Trevejo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Trevejo, J. M. et al. TNF-alpha-dependent maturation of local dendritic cells is critical for activating the adaptive immune response to virus infection. P Natl Acad Sci USA 98, 12162\u201312167 (2001).","journal-title":"P Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, S. Y., Ko, H. J. & Kweon, M. N. Mucosal dendritic cells shape mucosal immunity. Exp Mol Med 46, doi: 10.1038\/emm.2014.16 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2014.16"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR19","first-page":"153","volume":"133","author":"J Sanchez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sanchez, J. & Holmgren, J. Cholera toxin - a foe & a friend. Indian J Med Res 133, 153\u2013163 (2011).","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00268-7","volume":"20","author":"M Plante","year":"2001","unstructured":"Plante, M. et al. Nasal immunization with subunit proteosome influenza vaccines induces serum HAI, mucosal IgA and protection against influenza challenge. Vaccine 20, 218\u2013225 (2001).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00063914","volume":"45","author":"MZ Ladjemi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ladjemi, M. Z. et al. Increased IgA production by B-cells in COPD via lung epithelial interleukin-6 and TACI pathways. Eur Respir J 45, 980\u2013993 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.02.063","volume":"26","author":"L Bungener","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bungener, L. et al. Alum boosts TH2-type antibody responses to whole-inactivated virus influenza vaccine in mice but does not confer superior protection. Vaccine 26, 2350\u20132359 (2008).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxg049","volume":"15","author":"DH Cribbs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cribbs, D. H. et al. Adjuvant-dependent modulation of Th1 and Th2 responses to immunization with beta-amyloid. Int Immunol 15, 505\u2013514 (2003).","journal-title":"Int Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00778-14","volume":"22","author":"T Qin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qin, T., Yin, Y., Huang, L., Yu, Q. & Yang, Q. H9N2 influenza whole inactivated virus combined with polyethyleneimine strongly enhances mucosal and systemic immunity after intranasal immunization in mice. Clin Vaccine Immunol 22, 421\u2013429 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084097","volume":"8","author":"H Kang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kang, H., Yan, M., Yu, Q. & Yang, Q. Characteristics of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and nasal absorption capacity in chicken. PLoS One 8, e84097 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5581","DOI":"10.1021\/pr500565m","volume":"13","author":"M Qiu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qiu, M. et al. Comparative proteomics analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 revealed the key proteins involved in in situ root colonization. J Proteome Res 13, 5581\u20135591 (2014).","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02620922","volume":"21","author":"VE Steele","year":"1985","unstructured":"Steele, V. E. & Arnold, J. T. Isolation and long-term culture of rat, rabbit, and human nasal turbinate epithelial cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 21, 681\u2013687 (1985).","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-014-1735-x","volume":"46","author":"Y Yin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yin, Y., Qin, T., Yu, Q. & Yang, Q. Bursopentin (BP5) from chicken bursa of fabricius attenuates the immune function of dendritic cells. Amino Acids 46, 1763\u20131774 (2014).","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geeraedts, F. et al. Superior immunogenicity of inactivated whole virus H5N1 influenza vaccine is primarily controlled by Toll-like receptor signalling. Plos Pathog 4, doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000138 (2008).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000138"},{"key":"BFsrep21363_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013-03193","volume":"92","author":"JF Liang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liang, J. F. et al. Comparison of 3 kinds of Toll-like receptor ligands for inactivated avian H5N1 influenza virus intranasal immunization in chicken. Poultry Sci 92, 2651\u20132660 (2013).","journal-title":"Poultry Sci"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21363.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21363","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21363.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T22:46:43Z","timestamp":1672872403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep21363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep21363","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 January 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21363"}}