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SEM-EDS indicated a homogeneous dominant \u201cAl-Fe-Ca-Ti-Si-Na-Cr matrix\u201d, appearing at the microscale. The bulk chemical analyses showed considerable levels of Th (111\u2009\u03bcg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), along with minor U (15\u2009\u03bcg g<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), which are responsible for radioactivity (355 and 133\u2009Bq kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> for <jats:sup>232<\/jats:sup>Th and <jats:sup>238<\/jats:sup>U, respectively) with a total dose rate of 295\u2009nGy h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. Leaching experiments, in conjunction with SF-ICP-MS, using Mediterranean seawater from Greece, indicated significant release of V, depending on S\/L ratio, and negligible release of Th at least after 12 months leaching. STEM-EDS\/EELS &amp; HR-STEM-HAADF study of the leached BR at the nanoscale revealed that the significant immobility of Th<jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup> is due to its incorporation into an insoluble perovskite-type phase with major composition of Ca<jats:sub>0.8<\/jats:sub>Na<jats:sub>0.2<\/jats:sub>TiO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and crystallites observed in nanoscale. The Th <jats:italic>L<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>III<\/jats:sub>-edge EXAFS spectra demonstrated that Th<jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup> ions, which are hosted in this novel nano-perovskite of BR, occupy Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> sites, rather than Ti<jats:sup>4+<\/jats:sup> sites. That is most likely the reason of no Th release in Mediterranean seawater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]],"date-time":"2016-02-22T11:44:51Z","timestamp":1456141491000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The role of nano-perovskite in the negligible thorium release in seawater from Greek bauxite residue (red mud)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Platon N.","family":"Gamaletsos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Godelitsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kasama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei","family":"Kuzmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Lagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo J.","family":"Mertzimekis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"G\u00f6ttlicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Steininger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stelios","family":"Xanthos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiannis","family":"Pontikes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George N.","family":"Angelopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Zarkadas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandr","family":"Komelkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Tzamos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anestis","family":"Filippidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep21737_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6527","DOI":"10.1021\/es4010834","volume":"47","author":"IT Burke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burke, I. 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