{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:32:38Z","timestamp":1790501558514,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study aimed at reconstructing the spatial and temporal evolution of Lassa virus (LASV) in the natural host population. To this end, we generated 132 partial nucleoprotein sequences of LASV from\n                    <jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    trapped in 12 villages around Faranah, Upper Guinea, over a period of 12 years. This study reveals two main features of LASV evolution in\n                    <jats:italic>M. natalensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . First, the virus evolves in the reservoir with a molecular clock rate of 9 (7\u201311)\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                    position\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    year\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    implying that contemporary LASV lineages circulate in the Faranah area since less than 100 years. Second, viruses circulating in a specific village are diverse and polyphyletic. We observed, however, there are monophyletic clusters at village and sub-village level at specific points in time. In conclusion, our data indicate that the temporal and spatial pattern of LASV evolution in the natural reservoir is characterized by a combination of stationary circulation within a village and virus movement between villages. The latter feature is relevant for rodent control strategies, as it implies that recurrence of the virus from neighbouring villages may occur in villages where the virus has previously been eradicated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T05:10:28Z","timestamp":1456377028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Spatial and temporal evolution of Lassa virus in the natural host population in Upper Guinea"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Fichet-Calvet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"\u00d6lschl\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Strecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamine","family":"Koivogui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Becker-Ziaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amara Bongo","family":"Camara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barr\u00e9","family":"Soropogui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u2019Faly","family":"Magassouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.670","volume":"19","author":"JD Frame","year":"1970","unstructured":"Frame, J. D., Baldwin, J. M. J., Gocke, D. J. & Troup, J. M. Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 19, 670\u2013676 (1970).","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR2","first-page":"75","volume":"262","author":"JB McCormick","year":"2002","unstructured":"McCormick, J. B. & Fisher-Hoch, S. P. Lassa fever. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 262, 75\u2013109 (2002).","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000388","volume":"3","author":"E Fichet-Calvet","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fichet-Calvet, E. & Rogers, D. J. Risk maps of Lassa fever in West Africa. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 3, e388, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000388 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1212.060812","volume":"12","author":"E Lecompte","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lecompte, E. et al. Mastomys natalensis and Lassa fever, West Africa. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12, 1971\u20131974 (2006).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1126\/science.185.4147.263","volume":"185","author":"TP Monath","year":"1974","unstructured":"Monath, T. P., Newhouse, V. F., Kemp, G. E., Setzer, H. W. & Cacciapuoti, A. Lassa virus isolation from Mastomys natalensis rodents during an epidemic in Sierra Leone. Science 185, 263\u2013265 (1974).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1080\/10408360490497456","volume":"41","author":"S Gunther","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gunther, S. & Lenz, O. Lassa virus. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 41, 339\u2013390 (2004).","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6992","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.15.6992-7004.2000","volume":"74","author":"MD Bowen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bowen, M. D. et al. Genetic diversity among Lassa virus strains. J. Virol. 74, 6992\u20137004 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01037","volume":"6","author":"JT Manning","year":"2015","unstructured":"Manning, J. T., Forrester, N. & Paessler, S. Lassa virus isolates from Mali and the Ivory Coast represent an emerging fifth lineage. Front. Microbiol. 6, 1037, doi: 10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01037 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2108.150312","volume":"21","author":"L Kouadio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kouadio, L. et al. Lassa Virus in Multimammate Rats, Cote d\u2019Ivoire, 2013. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21, 1481\u20131483, doi: 10.3201\/eid2108.150312 (2015).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drummond, A. J. & Bouckaert, R. R. Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis with BEAST. (Cambridge University Press, 2015).","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139095112"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20893","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020893","volume":"6","author":"D Coulibaly-N\u2019Golo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coulibaly-N\u2019Golo, D. et al. Novel arenavirus sequences in Hylomyscus sp. and Mus (Nannomys) setulosus from Cote d\u2019Ivoire: implications for evolution of arenaviruses in Africa. PLoS ONE 6, e20893, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0020893 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01891-10","volume":"49","author":"DU Ehichioya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ehichioya, D. U. et al. Current molecular epidemiology of Lassa virus in Nigeria. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49, 1157\u20131161, doi: 10.1128\/JCM.01891-10 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2104.141469","volume":"21","author":"TA Leski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leski, T. A. et al. Sequence variability and geographic distribution of Lassa virus, Sierra Leone. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 21, 609\u2013618, doi: 10.3201\/eid2104.141469 (2015).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10144-013-0393-2","volume":"56","author":"B Borremans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borremans, B. et al. Happily together forever: temporal variation in spatial patterns and complete lack of territoriality in a promiscuous rodent. Population Ecology 56, 109\u2013118 (2014).","journal-title":"Population Ecology"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1484","volume":"14","author":"E Fichet-Calvet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fichet-Calvet, E., Becker-Ziaja, B., Koivogui, L. & Gunther, S. Lassa serology in natural populations of rodents and horizontal transmission. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 14, 665\u2013674, doi: 10.1089\/vbz.2013.1484 (2014).","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0520","volume":"7","author":"E Fichet-Calvet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fichet-Calvet, E. et al. Fluctuation of abundance and Lassa virus prevalence in Mastomys natalensis in Guinea, West Africa. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 7, 119\u2013128, doi: 10.1089\/vbz.2006.0520 (2007).","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.03.018","volume":"101","author":"S Vieth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vieth, S. et al. RT-PCR assay for detection of Lassa virus and related Old World arenaviruses targeting the L gene. T. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. H. 101, 1253\u20131264 (2007).","journal-title":"T. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. H."},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","volume":"7","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2007","unstructured":"Drummond, A. J. & Rambaut, A. BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7, 214 (2007).","journal-title":"BMC Evolutionary Biology"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss084","volume":"29","author":"G Baele","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baele, G. et al. Improving the accuracy of demographic and molecular clock model comparison while accommodating phylogenetic uncertainty. Mol Biol Evol 29, 2157\u20132167, doi: 10.1093\/molbev\/mss084 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"BFsrep21977_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","volume":"59","author":"S Guindon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guindon, S. et al. New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0. Syst Biol 59, 307\u2013321, doi: 10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010 (2010).","journal-title":"Syst Biol"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21977.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21977","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21977.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T22:59:11Z","timestamp":1672873151000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep21977"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,29]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep21977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep21977","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726172043.793555392","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 October 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21977"}}