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After conjugating galactose and CMCS to the surface of Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-NPs, we observed that Gal-CMCS-Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-NPs were round with a relatively stable zeta potential of +6.5\u2009mV and an mean hydrodynamic size of 40.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u2009nm. Gal-CMCS-Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-NPs had strong DNA condensing power in pH 7 solution and were largely nontoxic.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>experiments demonstrated that Gal-CMCS-Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-NPs were highly selective for HCC cells and liver cells.<jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>experiments showed the specific accumulation of Gal-CMCS-Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-NPs in HCC tissue, especially with the aid of an external magnetic field. Nude mice with orthotopically transplanted HCC received an intravenous injection of the Gal-CMCS-Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-NPs\/pcDNA3.1(+)RASSF1A compound and intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin and had an external magnetic field applied to the tumor area. These mice had the smallest tumors, largest percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and highest caspase-3 expression levels in tumor tissue compared to other groups of treated mice. These results suggest the potential application of Gal-CMCS-Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-NPs for RASSF1A gene delivery for the treatment of HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T10:46:57Z","timestamp":1456483617000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Asialoglycoprotein receptor-magnetic dual targeting nanoparticles for delivery of RASSF1A to hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Wan-Jiang","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Bing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Fei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin-Sheng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep22149_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.1829","volume":"42","author":"H Shiraha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shiraha, H., Yamamoto, K. & Namba, M. 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