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This high prevalence poses a challenge in societies without access to resources and interventions essential for disease management. Over 80 genes have been implicated as a cause of cardiomyopathy. Mutations in the phospholamban (<jats:italic>PLN<\/jats:italic>) gene are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and severe heart failure. In Africa, the prevalence of <jats:italic>PLN<\/jats:italic> mutations in cardiomyopathy patients is unknown. Our aim was to screen 315 patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (n\u2009=\u2009111), DCM (n\u2009=\u200995), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n\u2009=\u200940) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (n\u2009=\u200969) for disease-causing <jats:italic>PLN<\/jats:italic> mutations by high resolution melt analysis and DNA sequencing. We detected the previously reported <jats:italic>PLN<\/jats:italic> c.25C\u2009&gt;\u2009T (p.R9C) mutation in a South African family with severe autosomal dominant DCM. Haplotype analysis revealed that this mutation occurred against a different haplotype background to that of the original North American family and was therefore unlikely to have been inherited from a common ancestor. No other mutations in <jats:italic>PLN<\/jats:italic> were detected (mutation prevalence\u2009=\u20090.2%). We conclude that <jats:italic>PLN<\/jats:italic> is a rare cause of cardiomyopathy in African patients. The <jats:italic>PLN<\/jats:italic> p.R9C mutation is not well-tolerated, emphasising the importance of this gene in cardiac function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T10:16:54Z","timestamp":1456481814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Mutation analysis of the phospholamban gene in 315 South Africans with dilated, hypertrophic, peripartum and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Fish","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gasnat","family":"Shaboodien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Sliwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine E.","family":"Seidman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lia","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bongani M.","family":"Mayosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep22235_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm342","volume":"29","author":"P Elliott","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elliott, P. et al. 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