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Here we show that NagZ, a protein associated with peptidoglycan recycling, has moonlighting activity that allows it to modulate biofilm accumulation by <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>. We characterize the biochemical properties of NagZ and demonstrate its ability to function as a dispersing agent for biofilms formed on abiotic surfaces. We extend these observations to cell culture and tissue explant models and show that in <jats:italic>nagZ<\/jats:italic> mutants, the biofilms formed in cell culture and on human tissues contain significantly more biomass than those formed by a wild-type strain. Our results demonstrate that an enzyme thought to be restricted to peptidoglycan recycling is able to disperse preformed biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T11:47:12Z","timestamp":1456832832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["nagZ Triggers Gonococcal Biofilm Disassembly"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Senthil V.","family":"Bhoopalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Piekarowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph P.","family":"Dillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep22372_CR1","unstructured":"CDC 2013, posting date. 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