{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T19:28:27Z","timestamp":1789759707453,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]],"date-time":"2016-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]],"date-time":"2016-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) has been recognized as a potential biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> infection in the lung. However, the oral cavity is a dominant production site for exhaled HCN and this contribution can mask the HCN generated in the lung. It is thus important to understand the sources of HCN production in the oral cavity. By screening of oral anaerobes for HCN production, we observed that the genus of <jats:italic>Porphyromonas, Prevotella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Fusobacterium<\/jats:italic> generated low levels of HCN <jats:italic>in vitro.<\/jats:italic> This is the first study to show that oral anaerobes are capable of producing HCN <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Further investigations were conducted on the species of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and we successfully detected HCN production (0.9\u201310.9\u2009ppb) in the headspace of three <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> reference strains (ATCC 33277, W50 and OMG 434) and one clinical isolate. From <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> ATCC 33277 and W50, a strong correlation between HCN and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.89, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was observed, indicating that the HCN production of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> might be connected with the bacterial metabolic activity. These results indicate that our setup could be widely applied to the screening of <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> HCN production by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]],"date-time":"2016-03-04T10:46:09Z","timestamp":1457088369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Detection of hydrogen cyanide from oral anaerobes by cavity ring down spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kajsa","family":"Roslund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pirkko J.","family":"Pussinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Halonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per-Henrik","family":"Groop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Mets\u00e4l\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markku","family":"Lehto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep22577_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(99)00128-2","volume":"38","author":"J Vetter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vetter, J. 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