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However, its role in human asthma remains unclear. The aim of this study was to measure IL-31 levels in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and bronchial tissue of asthmatics and healthy subjects and identify its possible correlation to disease severity. We quantified IL-31 levels in the serum of patients with asthma (n\u2009=\u200944), as well as in controls (n\u2009=\u200922). Of these subjects, 9 asthmatics and five controls underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy and BALF collection. Our data showed that serum and BALF IL-31 levels were significantly elevated in patients with asthma compared with controls. Expressions of IL-31 and IL-31 receptor (IL-31RA and OSMR) were more prominent in the bronchial tissue in severe compared to mild asthma and controls. Serum IL-31 levels correlated positively with Th2 related cytokines (IL-5, IL-13 and TSLP), asthma severity or total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inversely with asthma control and the forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009second (FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>). The current data may provide insight into the underlying pathogenesis of asthma, in which IL-31 has an important pathogenic role.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T10:53:19Z","timestamp":1457520799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Interleukin-31 expression and relation to disease severity in human asthma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tianwen","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhennan","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiliang","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"L\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quanchao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep22835_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2011.07.006","volume":"91","author":"C Cornelissen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cornelissen, C., L\u00fcscher-Firzlaff, J., Baron, J. 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