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Here, we demonstrate that Runx1 is critical for T cell maturation. Peripheral na\u00efve CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells from CD4-cre Runx1 cKO mice are phenotypically and functionally immature as shown by decreased production of TNF-\u03b1 upon TCR stimulation. The loss of peripheral CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells in CD4-cre Runx1 cKO mice is not due to defects in homeostasis or decreased expression of IL-7R\u03b1, as transgenic expression of IL-7R\u03b1 does not rescue the loss of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Rather, immature Runx1-deficient CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells are eliminated in the periphery by the activation and fixation of the classical complement pathway. In the thymus, there is a severe block in all aspects of intrathymic T cell maturation, although both positive and negative selection are unaltered. Thus, loss of Runx1 leads to the earliest characterized block in post-positive selection intrathymic maturation of CD4 T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]],"date-time":"2016-03-29T14:39:44Z","timestamp":1459262384000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["An Essential Role for the Transcription Factor Runx1 in T Cell Maturation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fan-Chi","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barsha","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Constans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Young","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinibaldo R.","family":"Romero Arocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Belmonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meibo W.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"McWilliams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia Smith","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep23533_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1049","volume":"5","author":"TE Boursalian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boursalian, T. 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